用自由理念重构AI治理，帮政策制定者权衡利弊
Deciding how to respond: A deliberative framework to guide policymaker responses to AI systems
- 以自由作为能力与机会，构建治理AI的新框架
- 提出协调、沟通、决策三类空间的渐进式响应路径
- 适合关注伦理与政策平衡的AI治理研究者
当前人工智能治理的讨论多聚焦于风险评估，但政策制定者面对新兴和未知的AI系统时仍面临根本性不确定性。本文主张通过操作化‘自由’这一哲学概念（作为责任的对应面），发展一种以社会潜在收益为中心的互补性方法。该方法基于自由作为能力与自由作为机会两种思想传统，提出一个以协商、沟通和决策空间为核心的思辨框架，每个空间设有顺序焦点与输出。我们认为，由于AI治理本身存在复杂性、模糊性和争议性，思辨范式比传统技术范式更具实用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The discourse on responsible artificial intelligence (AI) regulation is understandably dominated by risk-focused assessments and analyses. This approach reflects the fundamental uncertainty policymakers face when determining appropriate responses to current, emerging and novel AI systems. In this article, we argue that by operationalising the concept of freedom - the philosophical counterpart to responsibility - a complementary approach centred on the potential societal benefits of AI systems can be developed. The result is a discursive framework grounded in freedom as capability and freedom as opportunity, which represent the two main intellectual traditions of interpreting freedom. We contend that the complexity, ambiguity and contestation involved in regulating AI systems make a deliberative paradigm more useful than the conventional technical one. The resulting framework is structured around coordinative, communicative and decision spaces, each with sequential focal points and associated outputs.
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