用算法自动分类人口金字塔形状，揭示种群动态规律
A semi-automatic approach to study population dynamics based on population pyramids
- 基于算法将人口数据分为多种金字塔形状
- 识别出1970-2024年间全球哺乳动物种群的形态演变
- 适用于种群管理与历史趋势可视化分析
以人口金字塔形式呈现人类或动物种群是快速评估种群特征的有效工具。尽管这类可视化广为人知，但系统化、算法化的信息提取方法仍较缺乏。本文提出一种基于算法的人口数据分类方法，可将种群形态划分为不同类别（如正金字塔、倒金字塔、钟形、菱形、柱状、沙漏形），并关联特定种群特征。算法基于1970-2024年全球哺乳动物动物园种群数据开发，能合理识别种群规模变化及其在不同形态间的转换。该方法有助于分析和传播历史种群演化，在多个场景下具有应用潜力，尤其对动物种群管理策略具参考价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The depiction of populations - of humans or animals - as "population pyramids" is a useful tool for the assessment of various characteristics of populations at a glance. Although these visualisations are well-known objects in various communities, formalised and algorithmic approaches to gain information from these data are less present. Here, we present an algorithm-based classification of population data into "pyramids" of different shapes ([normal and inverted] pyramid / plunger / bell, [lower / middle / upper] diamond, column, hourglass) that are linked to specific characteristics of the population. To develop the algorithmic approach, we used data describing global zoo populations of mammals from 1970-2024. This algorithm-based approach delivers plausible classifications, in particular with respect to changes in population size linked to specific series of, and transitions between, different "pyramid" shapes. We believe this approach might become a useful tool for analysing and communicating historical population developments in multiple contexts and is of broad interest. Moreover, it might be useful for animal population management strategies.
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