用动态图结构让大模型更准地做地理推断,减少偏见。
GeoGR^2:Zero-Shot Geospatial Inference via Geostatistically-Guided Iterative Refinement with LLMs
- 构建动态地理图,通过消息传递迭代优化预测
- 在多个任务上显著提升准确率,降低人口密集区偏见
- 适合需要高空间一致性的地理分析场景
标准的大语言模型提示将地理推断视为独立的实例预测,忽略了地理现实中固有的空间依赖关系。因此,即使先进模型也难以保证空间一致性,并对人口密集地区存在严重偏差。为此,我们提出GeoGR^2(地理图精炼推理),将零样本地理推断形式化为动态构建图上的迭代消息传递过程。不同于静态检索方法,GeoGR^2通过协同操作符实现三个动态算子:(1) 拓扑算子,构建满足空间马尔可夫性质的图结构;(2) 特征算子,为节点注入与任务相关的语义协变量;(3) 更新算子,通过自然语言消息传递迭代减小空间偏差。理论上,我们将该精炼过程建模为收缩映射,逼近全局一致性方程的不动点。实证上,在多种物理与社会经济任务中验证了其有效性。结果表明,通过显式嵌入地理统计归纳偏置,GeoGR^2显著优于标准提示基线,同时有效缓解系统性地理偏差。该框架利用大模型理解空间相关性的内在能力,通过显式拓扑支撑实现,无需通用图推理范式。代码已开源:https://github.com/JinfanTang/GeoGRR。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Standard large language model prompting treats geospatial inference as independent, instance-wise prediction, ignoring the fundamental spatial dependencies that govern geographic reality. Consequently, even advanced models struggle with spatial consistency and exhibit severe biases toward populous regions. To bridge this gap, we propose GeoGR^2 (Geospatial Graph Refine Reasoning), a framework that formalizes zero-shot geospatial prediction as an iterative message-passing process on a dynamically constructed graph. Unlike static retrieval methods, GeoGR^2 instantiates three dynamic operators via collaborating operators: (1) a Topology Operator that constructs graph topology to enforce the Spatial Markov property; (2) a Feature Operator that enriches nodes with task-relevant semantic covariates; and (3) an Update Operator that performs natural language message passing to iteratively minimize spatial discrepancy. Theoretically, we frame this refinement as a contraction mapping that approximates the fixed point of a global consistency equation. Empirically, we validate GeoGR^2 on diverse physical and socioeconomic tasks. Results demonstrate that by explicitly embedding geostatistical inductive biases, GeoGR^2 significantly outperforms standard prompting baselines, while effectively mitigating systematic geographic bias. Our framework leverages large language models' intrinsic capacity for understanding spatial correlations through explicit topological scaffolding, without resorting to general graph reasoning paradigms. The code of GeoGR^2 is available at https://github.com/JinfanTang/GeoGRR.
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