arXiv:2508.04278cs.AI2025-08

让大模型在医学领域同时具备多能力且互不干扰,安全可靠地辅助诊疗。

Large Language Model's Multi-Capability Alignment in Biomedical Domain

  • 基于医学知识生成合成数据,用临床流程和术语库保证准确与安全。
  • 通过数学证明多能力可共存,性能提升15%以上,诊断准确率提高23%。
  • 适合医疗AI研发者、临床决策支持系统开发者使用,兼顾效率与安全性。

BalancedBio 是一个理论严谨的参数高效医学推理框架,解决特定领域AI对齐中的多能力整合问题。它提出生物医学多能力收敛定理,证明正交梯度空间对防止能力干扰至关重要。核心创新包括:(1) 医学知识引导的合成生成(MKGSG),在Source2Synth基础上引入临床工作流约束和医学本体验证,确保事实准确性与安全性;(2) 能力感知的组相对策略优化,推导出最优混合奖励权重,保持强化学习中正交性,采用结合规则与模型评分的奖励模型适配医学任务。数学分析证明帕累托最优收敛,各能力性能均得以保留。在同参数规模中达到领先水平:领域专长(80.95% BIOMED-MMLU,较基线+15.32%)、推理(61.94%,+7.75%)、指令遵循(67.95%,+6.44%)与融合能力(86.7%,+18.5%)。理论保障包括能力保持与临床准确性边界。真实部署实现78%成本降低、23%诊断准确率提升、89%医生接受度。0.5B模型版本即将开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

BalancedBio is a theoretically grounded framework for parameter-efficient biomedical reasoning, addressing multi-capability integration in domain-specific AI alignment. It establishes the Biomedical Multi-Capability Convergence Theorem, proving orthogonal gradient spaces are essential to prevent capability interference for safe deployment. Key innovations include: (1) Medical Knowledge Grounded Synthetic Generation (MKGSG), extending Source2Synth with clinical workflow constraints and medical ontology validation for factual accuracy and safety; and (2) Capability Aware Group Relative Policy Optimization, deriving optimal hybrid reward weighting to maintain orthogonality in RL, using a reward model with rule-based and model-based scores adapted to biomedical tasks. Mathematical analysis proves Pareto-optimal convergence, preserving performance across capabilities. It achieves state-of-the-art results in its parameter class: domain expertise (80.95% BIOMED-MMLU, +15.32% over baseline), reasoning (61.94%, +7.75%), instruction following (67.95%, +6.44%), and integration (86.7%, +18.5%). Theoretical safety guarantees include bounds on capability preservation and clinical accuracy. Real-world deployment yields 78% cost reduction, 23% improved diagnostic accuracy, and 89% clinician acceptance. This work provides a principled methodology for biomedical AI alignment, enabling efficient reasoning with essential safety and reliability, with the 0.5B model version to be released.

医学AI多能力对齐大模型安全推理

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