arXiv:2508.04346cs.LG2025-08

通过分割特征防止云端图像重建,保护输入隐私。

PrivDFS: Private Inference via Distributed Feature Sharing against Data Reconstruction Attacks

  • 将中间特征拆成不重叠片段,由多台服务器独立处理。
  • 在CIFAR-10上攻击者重建图像的PSNR从23.25降至12.72。
  • 兼容CNN与ViT,适用于各类视觉模型的私有推理。

本文提出PrivDFS,一种用于图像分类的分布式特征共享框架,实现输入隐私保护的分割推理。传统分割推理中单一整体中间表示易被基于扩散的数据重建攻击(DRAs)高保真还原。PrivDFS通过将表示碎片化,并在多数诚实服务器间独立处理片段,使每条分支仅能观测到输入的不完整、不足以重建的视图。为此,PrivDFS采用可学习的二值掩码将中间表示划分为稀疏且基本无重叠的特征片,分别由不同服务器处理,客户端通过轻量融合模块聚合预测结果。该设计在全部分支合并时保持完整任务准确率,但显著限制单个服务器的重建能力。PrivDFS可无缝应用于基于ResNet的CNN与视觉变压器(Vision Transformers)。在CIFAR-10/100、CelebA和ImageNet-1K上,其显著降低DRAs性能:例如在CIFAR-10上,重建图像的PSNR从23.25降至12.72,SSIM从0.963降至0.260,同时准确率仅比非私有分割推理低1%以内。这些结果证明结构化特征分割是减少云上视觉推理中重建泄漏的实用且架构无关的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In this paper, we introduce PrivDFS, a distributed feature-sharing framework for input-private inference in image classification. A single holistic intermediate representation in split inference gives diffusion-based Data Reconstruction Attacks (DRAs) sufficient signal to reconstruct the input with high fidelity. PrivDFS restructures this vulnerability by fragmenting the representation and processing the fragments independently across a majority-honest set of servers. As a result, each branch observes only an incomplete and reconstruction-insufficient view of the input. To realize this, PrivDFS employs learnable binary masks that partition the intermediate representation into sparse and largely non-overlapping feature shares, each processed by a separate server, while a lightweight fusion module aggregates their predictions on the client. This design preserves full task accuracy when all branches are combined, yet sharply limits the reconstructive power available to any individual server. PrivDFS applies seamlessly to both ResNet-based CNNs and Vision Transformers. Across CIFAR-10/100, CelebA, and ImageNet-1K, PrivDFS induces a pronounced collapse in DRA performance, e.g., on CIFAR-10, PSNR drops from 23.25 -> 12.72 and SSIM from 0.963 -> 0.260, while maintaining accuracy within 1% of non-private split inference. These results establish structural feature partitioning as a practical and architecture-agnostic approach to reducing reconstructive leakage in cloud-based vision inference.

隐私推理特征分割数据重建防御

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