arXiv:2508.04714cs.AIcs.CL2025-08被引 7

用大模型将振动数据转为自然语言,自动给出维修建议。

Prescriptive Agents based on RAG for Automated Maintenance (PARAM)

  • 将轴承振动频率转为自然语言,让大模型识别故障类型和严重程度。
  • 在轴承数据集上实现高精度异常检测,生成含时间表的维修方案。
  • 适合工业维护人员、智能运维系统开发者参考使用。

工业机械维护需及时干预以防止灾难性故障并优化效率。本文提出基于大语言模型(LLM)的预测性维护系统PARAM,超越传统异常检测,提供可执行的维护建议。在前期LAMP框架基础上,结合轴承振动频率分析(BPFO、BPFI、BSF、FTF)与多智能体生成,将时序数据序列化为自然语言供LLM处理,实现少样本异常检测且准确率高。系统可分类故障类型(内圈、外圈、滚子/球、保持架),评估严重等级。多智能体组件利用向量嵌入与语义搜索解析维护手册,并通过网络检索获取最新维修规程,提升建议准确性。最终由Gemini模型生成结构化维修建议,包括立即行动、检查清单、纠正措施、备件需求及时间安排。实验验证在轴承振动数据集上有效实现异常检测与上下文相关维护指导。该系统打通状态监测与可操作维护计划间的鸿沟,为工业从业者提供智能决策支持。本研究推动大模型在工业维护中的应用,构建了跨设备与行业的可扩展预测性维护框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Industrial machinery maintenance requires timely intervention to prevent catastrophic failures and optimize operational efficiency. This paper presents an integrated Large Language Model (LLM)-based intelligent system for prescriptive maintenance that extends beyond traditional anomaly detection to provide actionable maintenance recommendations. Building upon our prior LAMP framework for numerical data analysis, we develop a comprehensive solution that combines bearing vibration frequency analysis with multi agentic generation for intelligent maintenance planning. Our approach serializes bearing vibration data (BPFO, BPFI, BSF, FTF frequencies) into natural language for LLM processing, enabling few-shot anomaly detection with high accuracy. The system classifies fault types (inner race, outer race, ball/roller, cage faults) and assesses severity levels. A multi-agentic component processes maintenance manuals using vector embeddings and semantic search, while also conducting web searches to retrieve comprehensive procedural knowledge and access up-to-date maintenance practices for more accurate and in-depth recommendations. The Gemini model then generates structured maintenance recommendations includes immediate actions, inspection checklists, corrective measures, parts requirements, and timeline specifications. Experimental validation in bearing vibration datasets demonstrates effective anomaly detection and contextually relevant maintenance guidance. The system successfully bridges the gap between condition monitoring and actionable maintenance planning, providing industrial practitioners with intelligent decision support. This work advances the application of LLMs in industrial maintenance, offering a scalable framework for prescriptive maintenance across machinery components and industrial sectors.

工业维护大模型预测性维护多智能体

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