用多教师自监督蒸馏,让小模型学出大模型的视觉能力。
CoMAD: A Multiple-Teacher Self-Supervised Distillation Framework
- 通过不对称掩码让小模型在丰富上下文中推理缺失信息。
- 在ImageNet上达75.4%准确率,密集预测任务均刷新小模型纪录。
- 无需参数,适合资源受限场景,如移动端或边缘设备部署。
现有自监督学习方法(如对比学习、掩码图像建模)虽能从无标签数据中学习强表征,但通常独立预训练,忽视互补信息,导致模型过大难以在资源受限环境部署。为此,我们提出共识导向的掩码蒸馏框架CoMAD,将三个先进自监督ViT-Base模型(MAE、MoCo v3、iBOT)的知识统一到紧凑的学生网络中。学生仅可见25%图像块,而各教师采用渐进式轻量掩码,迫使学生在更丰富的上下文中推断缺失特征。通过线性适配器和层归一化对齐教师嵌入,并利用联合共识门控融合,该机制结合余弦相似度与教师间一致性加权每个令牌。学生以双层级KL散度训练:在可见令牌和重建特征图上同时优化,捕捉局部与全局结构。在ImageNet-1K上,CoMAD的ViT-Tiny达到75.4% Top-1准确率,比前最优提升0.4%;在密集预测任务中,ADE20K上达47.3% mIoU,MS-COCO上达44.5%框平均精度与40.5%掩码平均精度,确立了紧凑自监督蒸馏新标杆。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Numerous self-supervised learning paradigms, such as contrastive learning and masked image modeling, learn powerful representations from unlabeled data but are typically pretrained in isolation, overlooking complementary insights and yielding large models that are impractical for resource-constrained deployment. To overcome these challenges, we introduce Consensus-oriented Masked Distillation (CoMAD), a lightweight, parameter-free framework that unifies knowledge from multiple current state-of-the-art self-supervised Vision Transformers into a compact student network. CoMAD distills from three pretrained ViT-Base teachers, MAE, MoCo v3, and iBOT, each offering distinct semantic and contextual priors. Rather than naively averaging teacher outputs, we apply asymmetric masking: the student sees only 25 percent of patches while each teacher receives a progressively lighter, unique mask, forcing the student to interpolate missing features under richer contexts. Teacher embeddings are aligned to the student's space via a linear adapter and layer normalization, then fused through our joint consensus gating, which weights each token by combining cosine affinity with inter-teacher agreement. The student is trained with dual-level KL divergence on visible tokens and reconstructed feature maps, capturing both local and global structure. On ImageNet-1K, CoMAD's ViT-Tiny achieves 75.4 percent Top-1, an increment of 0.4 percent over the previous state-of-the-art. In dense-prediction transfers, it attains 47.3 percent mIoU on ADE20K, and 44.5 percent box average precision and 40.5 percent mask average precision on MS-COCO, establishing a new state-of-the-art in compact SSL distillation.
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