用大模型自动设计轨迹预测规则,更准更泛化。
TrajEvo: Trajectory Prediction Heuristics Design via LLM-driven Evolution
- 用大模型结合进化算法生成预测规则
- 在多个真实数据集上优于传统方法,尤其对未知场景泛化强
- 适合需要可解释、快速推理的机器人与自动驾驶场景
轨迹预测是建模人类行为的关键任务,尤其在社交机器人和自动驾驶等安全关键领域。传统基于手工规则的启发式方法通常准确率低且泛化能力差。尽管深度学习方法性能更优,但普遍存在计算成本高、可解释性弱及对分布外(OOD)场景泛化能力不足的问题。本文提出TrajEvo框架,利用大语言模型(LLM)自动设计轨迹预测启发式规则。该框架采用进化算法从历史轨迹数据中生成并优化预测规则,提出两项创新:跨代精英采样以增强种群多样性,以及统计反馈环使LLM能分析并改进备选预测。评估结果表明,TrajEvo在多个真实世界数据集上超越现有启发式方法,尤其在未见过的OOD真实数据集上显著优于启发式与深度学习方法。TrajEvo为实现快速、可解释且具备强泛化能力的轨迹预测启发式规则自动化设计提供了新路径。代码已开源:https://github.com/ai4co/trajevo。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Trajectory prediction is a critical task in modeling human behavior, especially in safety-critical domains such as social robotics and autonomous vehicle navigation. Traditional heuristics based on handcrafted rules often lack accuracy and generalizability. Although deep learning approaches offer improved performance, they typically suffer from high computational cost, limited explainability, and, importantly, poor generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. In this paper, we introduce TrajEvo, a framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically design trajectory prediction heuristics. TrajEvo employs an evolutionary algorithm to generate and refine prediction heuristics from past trajectory data. We propose two key innovations: Cross-Generation Elite Sampling to encourage population diversity, and a Statistics Feedback Loop that enables the LLM to analyze and improve alternative predictions. Our evaluations demonstrate that TrajEvo outperforms existing heuristic methods across multiple real-world datasets, and notably surpasses both heuristic and deep learning methods in generalizing to an unseen OOD real-world dataset. TrajEvo marks a promising step toward the automated design of fast, explainable, and generalizable trajectory prediction heuristics. We release our source code to facilitate future research at https://github.com/ai4co/trajevo.
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