arXiv:2508.05724cs.LGphysics.data-an2025-08

用图神经网络挖掘物理方程间的隐藏联系,发现新规律并验证理论一致性。

A Graph-Based Framework for Exploring Mathematical Patterns in Physics: A Proof of Concept

  • 构建物理方程知识图谱,结合神经网络与符号分析发现跨领域关系
  • 图注意力网络在链接预测中达到97.4% AUC,显著优于传统方法
  • 适合理论物理、数学建模及跨学科研究者探索潜在物理规律

庞大的物理方程体系隐含着复杂的数学关系,传统方法难以全面探索。本文提出一种基于图的框架,融合神经网络与符号分析,系统性地发现并验证跨物理领域的数学模式。从659个方程出发,通过语义消歧解决213个方程的符号多义性问题,聚焦400个高级物理方程(排除基础力学以强调现代物理的跨分支关联)。该数据集被表示为加权知识图谱,图注意力网络在链接预测任务中达到97.4% AUC,显著优于经典基线。该框架具备双重价值:一是生成假设,产出数百个跨领域关联,如黑体辐射与纳维-斯托克斯方程耦合、放射性衰变与电磁感应关联;二是作为计算审计器,通过对30个方程簇的符号分析,验证了已有理论的一致性,从电磁-流体耦合中推导出磁雷诺数,并揭示解析错误也可能指向合法研究方向(如类引力现象)。该概念验证阶段刻意高产候选,确保对数学可能性空间的全面探索。即使冗余和错误也具科学意义:用于识别重复项与评估知识库质量。系统将不可处理的组合空间转化为可解读的数学模式流。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The vast corpus of physics equations forms an implicit network of mathematical relationships that traditional analysis cannot fully explore. This work introduces a graph-based framework combining neural networks with symbolic analysis to systematically discover and validate mathematical patterns across physics domains. Starting from 659 equations, we performed rigorous semantic disambiguation to resolve notational polysemy affecting 213 equations, then focused on 400 advanced physics equations by excluding elementary mechanics to emphasize inter-branch connections of modern physics. This corpus was represented as a weighted knowledge graph where a Graph Attention Network achieved 97.4% AUC in link prediction, significantly outperforming classical baselines. The framework's primary value emerges from its dual capability: generating hypotheses and auditing knowledge. First, it functions as a hypothesis generator, producing hundreds of candidate cross-domain connections, from blackbody radiation coupled with Navier-Stokes equations to radioactive decay linked with electromagnetic induction. Second, through symbolic analysis of 30 equation clusters, it serves as a computational auditor that verified established theory consistencies, synthesized the Magnetic Reynolds Number from electromagnetic-fluid coupling, and revealed how even parsing errors could potentially point toward legitimate research like analog gravity. This proof-of-concept intentionally over-generates candidates to ensure comprehensive exploration of mathematical possibility space. Even tautologies and errors serve scientific purposes: redundancy identification and knowledge base quality assessment. The system transforms the intractable combinatorial space into a filtered stream of mathematical patterns for human interpretation.

物理方程知识图谱符号计算模式发现

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