通过时间关联优化视频分割中的令牌聚类,提升效率与精度。
Temporal Cluster Assignment for Efficient Real-Time Video Segmentation
- 利用帧间时序一致性重构令牌聚类,无需微调
- 在多个数据集上实现更高精度与更快推理速度
- 适合实时资源受限的视频分割场景
视觉变换器显著提升了图像与视频分割模型的能力。其中,Swin Transformer凭借其分层多尺度表征成为视频分割的主流骨干网络。然而,尽管采用窗口注意力机制,其计算开销仍较高,尤其在用于密集预测的大规模变体中,严重制约了实时、资源受限的应用。现有令牌压缩方法难以适配Swin的固定窗口令牌数,限制了剪枝效果。虽然无训练令牌聚类在图像分割中表现良好并保持窗口一致性,但未能利用视频的时间冗余性。本文提出时间聚类分配(TCA),一种轻量、无需微调的策略,通过利用帧间时序相关性优化令牌聚类。TCA不盲目丢弃冗余令牌,而是基于时间关联精细调整聚类,保留细节的同时大幅降低计算量。在YouTube-VIS 2019、YouTube-VIS 2021、OVIS及私有手术视频数据集上的广泛评估表明,TCA持续提升现有聚类方法的精度-速度权衡。结果证明TCA在自然视频与特定领域视频上均具有良好泛化能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision Transformers have substantially advanced the capabilities of segmentation models across both image and video domains. Among them, the Swin Transformer stands out for its ability to capture hierarchical, multi-scale representations, making it a popular backbone for segmentation in videos. However, despite its window-attention scheme, it still incurs a high computational cost, especially in larger variants commonly used for dense prediction in videos. This remains a major bottleneck for real-time, resource-constrained applications. Whilst token reduction methods have been proposed to alleviate this, the window-based attention mechanism of Swin requires a fixed number of tokens per window, limiting the applicability of conventional pruning techniques. Meanwhile, training-free token clustering approaches have shown promise in image segmentation while maintaining window consistency. Nevertheless, they fail to exploit temporal redundancy, missing a key opportunity to further optimize video segmentation performance. We introduce Temporal Cluster Assignment (TCA), a lightweight and effective, fine-tuning-free strategy that enhances token clustering by leveraging temporal coherence across frames. Instead of indiscriminately dropping redundant tokens, TCA refines token clusters using temporal correlations, thereby retaining fine-grained details while significantly reducing computation. Extensive evaluations on YouTube-VIS 2019, YouTube-VIS 2021, OVIS, and a private surgical video dataset show that TCA consistently boosts the accuracy-speed trade-off of existing clustering-based methods. Our results demonstrate that TCA generalizes competently across both natural and domain-specific videos.
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