单水听器实现北极海区声源深度估计，突破传统多传感器限制。
Acoustic source depth estimation method based on a single hydrophone in Arctic underwater
- 利用模态频率上限与波导特性匹配，实现声源深度推断。
- 通过模态振幅随频率变化规律，准确估计声源深度。
- 适用于深海极地环境，对复杂声场结构有良好适应性。
基于正常模态和射线理论，本文研究了表面声源在表层的传播特性，探讨了基于模态与射线的深度估计方法，并提出一种基于模态频率上限的深度估计算法。针对表层折射型模态波导，通过扭曲变换可分离模态；依据模态振幅随频率与阶数的变化特征，通过振幅匹配实现声源深度估计。基于模态截断频率的空间分布特性，提出匹配截止频率的深度估计方法。对于深海北极海域，通过分析深部逆向射线轨迹，获取接收端射线到达结构，根据射线到达时间差估计声源深度。实验数据验证了声场模式及方法的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Based on the normal mode and ray theory, this article discusses the characteristics of surface sound source and reception at the surface layer, and explores depth estimation methods based on normal modes and rays, and proposes a depth estimation method based on the upper limit of modal frequency. Data verification is conducted to discuss the applicability and limitations of different methods. For the surface refracted normal mode waveguide, modes can be separated through warping transformation. Based on the characteristics of normal mode amplitude variation with frequency and number, the sound source depth can be estimated by matching amplitude information. Based on the spatial variation characteristics of eigenfunctions with frequency, a sound source depth estimation method matching the cutoff frequency of normal modes is proposed. For the deep Arctic sea, the sound ray arrival structure at the receiving end is obtained through the analysis of deep inversion sound ray trajectories, and the sound source depth can be estimated by matching the time difference of ray arrivals. Experimental data is used to verify the sound field patterns and the effectiveness of the sound source depth estimation method.
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