利用模型学习偏见过滤含噪训练数据,提升异常检测准确率。
Leveraging Learning Bias for Noisy Anomaly Detection
- 通过学习偏见将训练集分块,用多子模型交叉评分筛选干净数据
- 在真实噪声场景下,检测与定位性能优于现有方法
- 适用于各类无监督模型,适合实际中带异常数据的训练场景
本文针对全无监督图像异常检测(FUIAD)中训练数据可能包含未标记异常的问题。传统方法假设训练数据纯净,但现实中的污染会导致模型将异常误认为正常,降低检测性能。为此,提出一种两阶段框架,系统性利用模型固有的学习偏见:(1)正常样本统计占优,使模型更倾向于学习稳定正常模式而非稀疏异常;(2)特征空间差异,正常数据类内一致性高,异常则多样性高,导致模型响应不稳定。第一阶段将训练集划分为子集,训练子模型并聚合跨模型异常分数,过滤出纯净数据集;第二阶段在该数据集上训练最终检测器。在Real-IAD基准上的实验表明,该框架在不同噪声条件下均具备优越的异常检测与定位性能。消融研究进一步验证其对数据污染的鲁棒性,强调了学习偏见利用的关键作用。模型无关设计使其兼容多种无监督主干网络,为现实世界中不完美训练数据提供实用解决方案。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper addresses the challenge of fully unsupervised image anomaly detection (FUIAD), where training data may contain unlabeled anomalies. Conventional methods assume anomaly-free training data, but real-world contamination leads models to absorb anomalies as normal, degrading detection performance. To mitigate this, we propose a two-stage framework that systematically exploits inherent learning bias in models. The learning bias stems from: (1) the statistical dominance of normal samples, driving models to prioritize learning stable normal patterns over sparse anomalies, and (2) feature-space divergence, where normal data exhibit high intra-class consistency while anomalies display high diversity, leading to unstable model responses. Leveraging the learning bias, stage 1 partitions the training set into subsets, trains sub-models, and aggregates cross-model anomaly scores to filter a purified dataset. Stage 2 trains the final detector on this dataset. Experiments on the Real-IAD benchmark demonstrate superior anomaly detection and localization performance under different noise conditions. Ablation studies further validate the framework's contamination resilience, emphasizing the critical role of learning bias exploitation. The model-agnostic design ensures compatibility with diverse unsupervised backbones, offering a practical solution for real-world scenarios with imperfect training data. Code is available at https://github.com/hustzhangyuxin/LLBNAD.
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