用AI多智能体系统自动分析死亡原因,提升司法鉴定的效率与一致性。
FEAT: A Multi-Agent Forensic AI System with Domain-Adapted Large Language Model for Automated Cause-of-Death Analysis
- 构建多智能体框架,分步完成尸检任务分解与证据分析。
- 在六个地区验证中表现优于现有AI系统,专家认可率达高。
- 适合司法鉴定机构、公共卫生部门及需要标准化诊断的场景。
法医死因判定面临人力短缺与诊断差异等系统性挑战,尤其在中国的法医体系中更为突出。我们提出FEAT(ForEnsic AgenT),一种基于领域适配大语言模型的多智能体AI框架,用于自动化和标准化死亡调查。FEAT采用面向应用的架构,包含:(i) 中心规划器负责任务分解,(ii) 专用局部求解器进行证据分析,(iii) 记忆与反思模块实现迭代优化,(iv) 全局求解器合成结论。系统结合工具增强推理、分层检索增强生成、法医调优的大语言模型及人机协同反馈,确保法律与医学有效性。在多个中国病例队列中的评估显示,FEAT在长篇尸检报告与简明死因结论方面均优于当前最先进AI系统。其在六个地理区域均表现出强泛化能力,并在盲评中达到高专家一致率。资深病理学家评估认为,FEAT输出与人类专家相当,且能更好捕捉细微证据线索。据我们所知,FEAT是首个专为法医医学设计的基于大语言模型的AI智能体系统,可在保持专家级严谨性的同时,提供可扩展、一致的死亡证明服务。通过融合AI效率与人工监督,该研究有望推动公平获取可靠法医服务,缓解法医系统的严重人力瓶颈。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Forensic cause-of-death determination faces systemic challenges, including workforce shortages and diagnostic variability, particularly in high-volume systems like China's medicolegal infrastructure. We introduce FEAT (ForEnsic AgenT), a multi-agent AI framework that automates and standardizes death investigations through a domain-adapted large language model. FEAT's application-oriented architecture integrates: (i) a central Planner for task decomposition, (ii) specialized Local Solvers for evidence analysis, (iii) a Memory & Reflection module for iterative refinement, and (iv) a Global Solver for conclusion synthesis. The system employs tool-augmented reasoning, hierarchical retrieval-augmented generation, forensic-tuned LLMs, and human-in-the-loop feedback to ensure legal and medical validity. In evaluations across diverse Chinese case cohorts, FEAT outperformed state-of-the-art AI systems in both long-form autopsy analyses and concise cause-of-death conclusions. It demonstrated robust generalization across six geographic regions and achieved high expert concordance in blinded validations. Senior pathologists validated FEAT's outputs as comparable to those of human experts, with improved detection of subtle evidentiary nuances. To our knowledge, FEAT is the first LLM-based AI agent system dedicated to forensic medicine, offering scalable, consistent death certification while maintaining expert-level rigor. By integrating AI efficiency with human oversight, this work could advance equitable access to reliable medicolegal services while addressing critical capacity constraints in forensic systems.
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