用多语言编码器融合多层信息,提升低资源语言的LLM表现
Utilizing Multilingual Encoders to Improve Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages
- 融合多语言编码器所有中间层,增强语言信息传递
- 在斯里兰卡语分类任务中准确率从71.66%提升至75.86%
- 仅用英文数据训练,无需平行语料,适合低资源语言场景
大语言模型(LLM)在英语上表现优异,但在低资源语言(LRLs)上性能显著下降,主要因训练数据以英语为主。现有方法如LangBridge虽将LLM与多语言编码器(如mT5)对齐,但仅使用编码器最后一层。本文提出新架构,融合所有中间层,丰富传递给LLM的语言信息。采用两种策略:(1) 全局软最大权重分配各层重要性,(2) 基于Transformer的软最大模型学习词元级权重。融合表示映射至LLM嵌入空间,实现多语言输入处理。模型仅在英文数据上训练,无需平行或双语数据。在XNLI、IndicXNLI、僧伽罗语新闻分类和Amazon评论数据集上评估,基于Transformer软最大权重的模型显著优于基线。在低资源语言中取得显著提升:僧伽罗语分类准确率由71.66%升至75.86%,泰米尔语、孟加拉语、马拉雅拉姆语等印地语系语言亦有明显改善。整体XNLI平均准确率从70.36%提升至71.50%。该方法为构建更强大、更公平的多语言大模型提供了一条可扩展、高效的数据利用路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the Massively Multilingual Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (mT5), they typically use only the final encoder layer. We propose a novel architecture that fuses all intermediate layers, enriching the linguistic information passed to the LLM. Our approach features two strategies: (1) a Global Softmax weighting for overall layer importance, and (2) a Transformer Softmax model that learns token-specific weights. The fused representations are mapped into the LLM's embedding space, enabling it to process multilingual inputs. The model is trained only on English data, without using any parallel or multilingual data. Evaluated on XNLI, IndicXNLI, Sinhala News Classification, and Amazon Reviews, our Transformer Softmax model significantly outperforms the LangBridge baseline. We observe strong performance gains in LRLs, improving Sinhala classification accuracy from 71.66% to 75.86% and achieving clear improvements across Indic languages such as Tamil, Bengali, and Malayalam. These specific gains contribute to an overall boost in average XNLI accuracy from 70.36% to 71.50%. This approach offers a scalable, data-efficient path toward more capable and equitable multilingual LLMs.
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