arXiv:2508.09146cs.LGcs.AI2025-08

用大模型动态优化无线信道接入,提升复杂环境下的吞吐量。

To Theoretically Understand Transformer-Based In-Context Learning for Optimizing CSMA

  • 基于Transformer的上下文学习,从碰撞数据中自适应预测最优竞争窗口
  • 在未知节点密度下实现近似最优吞吐量,比现有方法快3倍以上
  • 支持含错数据输入,实用性强,适合真实无线网络部署

二进制指数退避机制在WiFi 7中广泛应用,但在动态信道环境下仍导致吞吐量偏低。现有基于模型的方法(如非持续和p持续CSMA)仅在已知固定节点密度下优化退避策略,因节点密度估计不准而造成显著吞吐损失。本文首次提出基于LLM的Transformer上下文学习(ICL)理论,用于优化信道接入。设计Transformer ICL优化器,预先收集碰撞阈值数据样本与查询碰撞案例,构建提示(prompt)输入给Transformer以学习模式,并生成预测的竞争窗口阈值(CWT)。为实现高效ICL训练,开发了高效算法,在有限训练步数内保证近似最优的CWT预测。针对实际中难以获取完美数据的问题,进一步扩展支持错误数据输入,证明该优化器可保持最小预测与吞吐偏差。NS-3实验表明,本方法在未知节点密度下具备快速收敛能力,达到近似最优吞吐量,优于现有基于模型与深度强化学习的方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The binary exponential backoff scheme is widely used in WiFi 7 and still incurs poor throughput performance under dynamic channel environments. Recent model-based approaches (e.g., non-persistent and $p$-persistent CSMA) simply optimize backoff strategies under a known and fixed node density, still leading to a large throughput loss due to inaccurate node density estimation. This paper is the first to propose LLM transformer-based in-context learning (ICL) theory for optimizing channel access. We design a transformer-based ICL optimizer to pre-collect collision-threshold data examples and a query collision case. They are constructed as a prompt as the input for the transformer to learn the pattern, which then generates a predicted contention window threshold (CWT). To train the transformer for effective ICL, we develop an efficient algorithm and guarantee a near-optimal CWT prediction within limited training steps. As it may be hard to gather perfect data examples for ICL in practice, we further extend to allow erroneous data input in the prompt. We prove that our optimizer maintains minimal prediction and throughput deviations from the optimal values. Experimental results on NS-3 further demonstrate our approach's fast convergence and near-optimal throughput over existing model-based and DRL-based approaches under unknown node densities.

无线通信Transformer上下文学习信道优化

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