arXiv:2508.09724cs.AI2025-08被引 2

用无监督方法减少大模型评分偏见,让不同模型评分更一致可靠。

UDA: Unsupervised Debiasing Alignment for Pair-wise LLM-as-a-Judge

  • 通过自适应调整埃洛系统参数,动态校正评分偏差。
  • 使评委间评分标准差降低63.4%,与人工判断相关性提升24.7%。
  • 无需标注即可提升弱评者表现,适合构建稳健的模型评估体系。

成对评估大型语言模型(LLMs)普遍存在偏好偏差,即评分模型倾向于自身输出,导致不同评委间排名不一致。我们首次实证发现跨模型评估中存在显著且异质的偏差。为此提出UDA(无监督去偏对齐)框架,通过动态调整埃洛评分系统的K因子和胜率,减少评委间分歧。该方法完全无监督,仅以最小化所有评委埃洛轨迹的方差为目标,推动形成集体共识,作为稳定评估的代理。理论分析表明,共识对齐可降低系统性偏差。实验显示,UDA将评委间评分标准差降低最高达63.4%,平均与人工判断的相关性提升24.7%。尤其能显著提升低质量评委的表现,使其与优质评委持平,构建更鲁棒的评估生态。代码与数据已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pairwise evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a common paradigm, but it is prone to preference bias, where judges systematically favor certain outputs, such as their own. This bias leads to inconsistent and skewed rankings across different judges. To address this, we first empirically demonstrate significant and heterogeneous biases in cross-model evaluations. We then propose UDA (Unsupervised Debiasing Alignment), a framework that reduces inter-judge disagreement by dynamically adjusting the Elo rating system. For each pairwise comparison, a compact neural network learns to adaptively set the K-factor and refine win probabilities. Crucially, UDA operates in a fully unsupervised manner, guided solely by the objective of minimizing the dispersion among the Elo trajectories of all judges. This forces an alignment towards a collective consensus, which serves as an unsupervised proxy for a more stable and reproducible evaluation. In addition, we provide theoretical motivation demonstrating how alignment towards a consensus can reduce aggregate system bias. Experiments show that UDA significantly reduces the inter-judge rating standard deviation by up to 63.4% and improves the average correlation with human judgments by 24.7%. Notably, UDA elevates the performance of poorly performing judges to achieve parity with high-quality ones, fostering a more robust and reliable evaluation ecosystem. Code and data are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/62AB93CD-23B4.

大模型评估去偏埃洛系统无监督学习

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