用扩散模型快速重建低剂量CT,1秒内完成单切片,保持高清细节。
AST-n: A Fast Sampling Approach for Low-Dose CT Reconstruction using Diffusion Models
- 从中间噪声水平开始反向生成,结合高阶微分方程求解器加速采样。
- 仅25步即可达PSNR超38dB、SSIM超0.95,推理时间从16秒降至1秒以内。
- 适合临床部署,显著提升低剂量CT图像重建效率与可用性。
低剂量CT虽降低辐射暴露,但增加图像噪声,影响诊断可信度。基于扩散的生成模型通过学习图像先验并迭代优化,在去噪方面展现潜力。本文提出AST-n加速推理框架,从中间噪声水平启动反向扩散,并在条件模型中集成高阶常微分方程求解器以减少采样步数。我们在低剂量CT挑战赛数据集上评估两种加速策略——AST-n采样与标准调度结合高阶求解器,覆盖头、腹、胸部扫描,剂量为标准剂量的10%-25%。采用仅25步的条件模型(AST-25)达到峰值信噪比(PSNR)超过38 dB、结构相似性指数(SSIM)超过0.95,接近标准基线性能,同时将每切片推理时间从约16秒压缩至1秒以下。无条件采样导致质量明显下降,证明条件控制的必要性。我们还测试了DDIM反演,虽小幅提升PSNR,但推理时间翻倍,临床实用性受限。结果表明,AST-n结合高阶采样器可在不牺牲图像保真度的前提下实现快速低剂量CT重建,推动扩散模型在临床流程中的应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Low-dose CT (LDCT) protocols reduce radiation exposure but increase image noise, compromising diagnostic confidence. Diffusion-based generative models have shown promise for LDCT denoising by learning image priors and performing iterative refinement. In this work, we introduce AST-n, an accelerated inference framework that initiates reverse diffusion from intermediate noise levels, and integrate high-order ODE solvers within conditioned models to further reduce sampling steps. We evaluate two acceleration paradigms--AST-n sampling and standard scheduling with high-order solvers -- on the Low Dose CT Grand Challenge dataset, covering head, abdominal, and chest scans at 10-25 % of standard dose. Conditioned models using only 25 steps (AST-25) achieve peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) above 38 dB and structural similarity index (SSIM) above 0.95, closely matching standard baselines while cutting inference time from ~16 seg to under 1 seg per slice. Unconditional sampling suffers substantial quality loss, underscoring the necessity of conditioning. We also assess DDIM inversion, which yields marginal PSNR gains at the cost of doubling inference time, limiting its clinical practicality. Our results demonstrate that AST-n with high-order samplers enables rapid LDCT reconstruction without significant loss of image fidelity, advancing the feasibility of diffusion-based methods in clinical workflows.
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