提出动态专家混合模型,解决图学习中增量数据下的遗忘问题。
Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts for Incremental Graph Learning
- 按时间分块引入新专家网络,动态选择相关旧专家协同学习。
- 在类别增量任务上相对基线提升4.92%准确率,有效缓解灾难性遗忘。
- 适合持续学习场景,尤其适用于动态更新的图数据应用。
图增量学习旨在无需对完整数据集重新训练,即可将已训练模型适配到随时间持续增加的图数据。然而,常规图机器学习方法在增量学习中易出现灾难性遗忘,即旧知识被新知识覆盖。现有方法通常将旧模型视为不可分割整体,通过技术维持旧行为,但未考虑不同时间点的知识对新任务的贡献差异:部分历史模式可迁移助力新数据学习,而另一些可能偏离新数据分布并产生干扰。为此,本文提出动态专家混合(DyMoE)方法。具体而言,DyMoE 图神经网络层为新增数据块引入专用专家网络,并设计基于数据序列信息的定制正则化损失,使现有专家既能保持解决旧任务的能力,又能辅助新专家高效学习新数据。随着数据块数量增长,全量专家混合(MoE)模型计算开销上升,为此引入稀疏MoE机制,仅让前k个最相关专家参与预测,显著降低计算时间。实验表明,该模型在类别增量学习任务上相比最优基线实现4.92%的相对准确率提升,展现强大性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph incremental learning is a learning paradigm that aims to adapt trained models to continuously incremented graphs and data over time without the need for retraining on the full dataset. However, regular graph machine learning methods suffer from catastrophic forgetting when applied to incremental learning settings, where previously learned knowledge is overridden by new knowledge. Previous approaches have tried to address this by treating the previously trained model as an inseparable unit and using techniques to maintain old behaviors while learning new knowledge. These approaches, however, do not account for the fact that previously acquired knowledge at different timestamps contributes differently to learning new tasks. Some prior patterns can be transferred to help learn new data, while others may deviate from the new data distribution and be detrimental. To address this, we propose a dynamic mixture-of-experts (DyMoE) approach for incremental learning. Specifically, a DyMoE GNN layer adds new expert networks specialized in modeling the incoming data blocks. We design a customized regularization loss that utilizes data sequence information so existing experts can maintain their ability to solve old tasks while helping the new expert learn the new data effectively. As the number of data blocks grows over time, the computational cost of the full mixture-of-experts (MoE) model increases. To address this, we introduce a sparse MoE approach, where only the top-$k$ most relevant experts make predictions, significantly reducing the computation time. Our model achieved 4.92\% relative accuracy increase compared to the best baselines on class incremental learning, showing the model's exceptional power.
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