arXiv:2508.10449cs.CVcs.LG2025-08中稿 · IEEE SMC 2025

用AI自动识别建筑电气图中的设备符号,提升图纸数字化效率。

SkeySpot: Automating Service Key Detection for Digital Electrical Layout Plans in the Construction Industry

  • 基于预训练模型在45份扫描图上检测34类电气符号。
  • 最高准确率达mAP 82.5%,实现实时识别与分类。
  • 开源轻量工具,适合中小企业快速部署使用。

传统建筑平面图多以扫描件形式保存,仍是建筑、城市规划和设施管理的重要资源。但缺乏机器可读性导致大规模解读耗时且易出错。自动化符号定位提供可扩展解决方案,支持成本估算、基础设施维护和合规检查等流程。本文构建了包含45份扫描电气布局图的标注数据集DELP,涵盖34类服务关键符号,共2,450个实例。采用预训练目标检测模型进行系统评估,其中YOLOv8表现最佳,平均精度(mAP)达82.5%。基于此开发SkeySpot工具,可实时完成电气符号的检测、分类与量化,输出结构化标准数据,支持跨平台互操作。该方法降低对专有CAD系统的依赖,减少人工标注负担,使中小型企业更易实现电气图数字化,助力建筑行业标准化、互操作性与可持续发展目标。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Legacy floor plans, often preserved only as scanned documents, remain essential resources for architecture, urban planning, and facility management in the construction industry. However, the lack of machine-readable floor plans render large-scale interpretation both time-consuming and error-prone. Automated symbol spotting offers a scalable solution by enabling the identification of service key symbols directly from floor plans, supporting workflows such as cost estimation, infrastructure maintenance, and regulatory compliance. This work introduces a labelled Digitised Electrical Layout Plans (DELP) dataset comprising 45 scanned electrical layout plans annotated with 2,450 instances across 34 distinct service key classes. A systematic evaluation framework is proposed using pretrained object detection models for DELP dataset. Among the models benchmarked, YOLOv8 achieves the highest performance with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 82.5\%. Using YOLOv8, we develop SkeySpot, a lightweight, open-source toolkit for real-time detection, classification, and quantification of electrical symbols. SkeySpot produces structured, standardised outputs that can be scaled up for interoperable building information workflows, ultimately enabling compatibility across downstream applications and regulatory platforms. By lowering dependency on proprietary CAD systems and reducing manual annotation effort, this approach makes the digitisation of electrical layouts more accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry, while supporting broader goals of standardisation, interoperability, and sustainability in the built environment.

电气图识别目标检测建筑数字化YOLOv8

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