轻量化生成推荐模型FuXi-β,速度更快且效果更强。
FuXi-β: Towards a Lightweight and Fast Large-Scale Generative Recommendation Model
- 用函数化相对注意力偏置替代耗时操作,提升效率。
- 移除查询-键注意力图,设计无注意力令牌混合模块。
- 在大规模数据上性能提升27%~47%,适合工业级应用。
自回归生成推荐模型的扩展规律揭示了构建更大、更通用系统潜力,但伴随更高延迟和训练成本。为加速训练与推理,我们研究了HSTU和FuXi-α等生成推荐模型,发现两个效率瓶颈:相对时间注意力偏置中的索引操作,以及查询-键注意力图的计算。此外,我们观察到自注意力机制中的相对注意力偏置也可作为注意力图。此前研究如Synthesizer表明,注意力图可有替代形式,自然引发疑问:某些注意力图是否冗余?实验证明,使用查询-键注意力图反而会降低推荐任务性能。为此,我们提出适用于Transformer类推荐模型的新框架:一方面引入函数化相对注意力偏置,避免原方法中耗时操作;另一方面移除原始自注意力层中的查询-键注意力图,设计新型无注意力令牌混合模块。将该框架应用于FuXi-α,推出新模型FuXi-β。多数据集实验表明,FuXi-β优于此前最优模型,在保持扩展规律的同时显著加速。尤其在大规模工业数据集上,其NDCG@10指标相比FuXi-α提升27%至47%。代码已开源:https://github.com/USTC-StarTeam/FuXi-beta。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Scaling laws for autoregressive generative recommenders reveal potential for larger, more versatile systems but mean greater latency and training costs. To accelerate training and inference, we investigated the recent generative recommendation models HSTU and FuXi-$α$, identifying two efficiency bottlenecks: the indexing operations in relative temporal attention bias and the computation of the query-key attention map. Additionally, we observed that relative attention bias in self-attention mechanisms can also serve as attention maps. Previous works like Synthesizer have shown that alternative forms of attention maps can achieve similar performance, naturally raising the question of whether some attention maps are redundant. Through empirical experiments, we discovered that using the query-key attention map might degrade the model's performance in recommendation tasks. To address these bottlenecks, we propose a new framework applicable to Transformer-like recommendation models. On one hand, we introduce Functional Relative Attention Bias, which avoids the time-consuming operations of the original relative attention bias, thereby accelerating the process. On the other hand, we remove the query-key attention map from the original self-attention layer and design a new Attention-Free Token Mixer module. Furthermore, by applying this framework to FuXi-$α$, we introduce a new model, FuXi-$β$. Experiments across multiple datasets demonstrate that FuXi-$β$ outperforms previous state-of-the-art models and achieves significant acceleration compared to FuXi-$α$, while also adhering to the scaling law. Notably, FuXi-$β$ shows an improvement of 27% to 47% in the NDCG@10 metric on large-scale industrial datasets compared to FuXi-$α$. Our code is available in a public repository: https://github.com/USTC-StarTeam/FuXi-beta
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