arXiv:2508.10677cs.CRcs.LG2025-08被引 18

用大模型自动分析威胁情报,让安全响应更准更快。

Advancing Autonomous Incident Response: Leveraging LLMs and Cyber Threat Intelligence

  • 结合向量检索与外部查询,动态获取威胁情报
  • 生成精准、可操作的响应策略,提升准确率与效率
  • 适合安全团队减轻负担,推动智能响应系统落地

有效的事件响应(IR)对缓解网络威胁至关重要,但安全团队常因告警疲劳、高误报率以及海量非结构化威胁情报(CTI)文档而不堪重负。尽管CTI蕴含巨大潜力,其分散性和复杂性使人工分析耗时费力。为此,我们提出一种基于检索增强生成(RAG)的新框架,利用大语言模型(LLMs)融合动态获取的CTI信息,实现自动化与增强型事件响应。该方法采用混合检索机制:在CTI向量数据库中进行基于NLP的相似性搜索,并结合标准化查询调用外部CTI平台,实现上下文感知的情报丰富。随后,由大模型驱动的响应生成模块制定精确、可执行且上下文相关的缓解策略。我们设计双评估范式:通过辅助大模型进行自动化评估,并经网络安全专家交叉验证。在真实与模拟告警上的实证表明,该方法显著提升了响应的准确性、上下文相关性与效率,减轻分析师负担并降低响应延迟。本研究展示了大模型驱动的威胁情报融合在推进自主安全运营中的潜力,为智能、自适应的网络安全框架奠定基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While CTI holds immense potential for enriching security operations, its extensive and fragmented nature makes manual analysis time-consuming and resource-intensive. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate and enhance IR by integrating dynamically retrieved CTI. Our approach introduces a hybrid retrieval mechanism that combines NLP-based similarity searches within a CTI vector database with standardized queries to external CTI platforms, facilitating context-aware enrichment of security alerts. The augmented intelligence is then leveraged by an LLM-powered response generation module, which formulates precise, actionable, and contextually relevant incident mitigation strategies. We propose a dual evaluation paradigm, wherein automated assessment using an auxiliary LLM is systematically cross-validated by cybersecurity experts. Empirical validation on real-world and simulated alerts demonstrates that our approach enhances the accuracy, contextualization, and efficiency of IR, alleviating analyst workload and reducing response latency. This work underscores the potential of LLM-driven CTI fusion in advancing autonomous security operations and establishing a foundation for intelligent, adaptive cybersecurity frameworks.

事件响应大模型威胁情报自动化

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