arXiv:2508.10874cs.CL2025-08被引 11

用大模型自搜能力替代外部搜索,降低强化学习成本。

SSRL: Self-Search Reinforcement Learning

  • 让大模型通过自我搜索机制内化知识,无需调用外部工具。
  • 在复杂问答任务上达到高通过率,且性能随计算预算提升。
  • 适合需要低成本、强泛化能力的智能体训练场景。

我们探索大语言模型(LLMs)作为强化学习中代理搜索任务的高效模拟器的潜力,以减少对昂贵外部搜索引擎交互的依赖。为此,我们首先通过结构化提示和重复采样量化了LLM的内在搜索能力,称为自我搜索(Self-Search)。结果表明,LLM在推理预算增加时表现出显著的缩放特性,在问答基准测试中,包括具有挑战性的BrowseComp任务,均实现高pass@k表现。基于此,我们提出自搜强化学习(SSRL),通过格式化与规则化奖励增强LLM的自我搜索能力。SSRL使模型能够在无外部工具支持下,迭代优化内部知识利用。实证评估显示,经SSRL训练的策略模型为搜索驱动的强化学习提供了成本低廉且稳定的环境,降低了对外部搜索的依赖,并促进了从模拟到现实的鲁棒迁移。我们得出以下结论:1)LLMs具备可有效激发的世界知识,能实现高性能;2)SSRL展现出利用内部知识减少幻觉的潜力;3)经SSRL训练的模型可无缝集成外部搜索引擎,无需额外工作。研究凸显了大模型在支持更可扩展的强化学习智能体训练方面的前景。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to serve as efficient simulators for agentic search tasks in reinforcement learning (RL), thereby reducing dependence on costly interactions with external search engines. To this end, we first quantify the intrinsic search capability of LLMs via structured prompting and repeated sampling, which we term Self-Search. Our results reveal that LLMs exhibit strong scaling behavior with respect to the inference budget, achieving high pass@k on question-answering benchmarks, including the challenging BrowseComp task. Building on these observations, we introduce Self-Search RL (SSRL), which enhances LLMs' Self-Search capability through format-based and rule-based rewards. SSRL enables models to iteratively refine their knowledge utilization internally, without requiring access to external tools. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that SSRL-trained policy models provide a cost-effective and stable environment for search-driven RL training, reducing reliance on external search engines and facilitating robust sim-to-real transfer. We draw the following conclusions: 1) LLMs possess world knowledge that can be effectively elicited to achieve high performance; 2) SSRL demonstrates the potential of leveraging internal knowledge to reduce hallucination; 3) SSRL-trained models integrate seamlessly with external search engines without additional effort. Our findings highlight the potential of LLMs to support more scalable RL agent training.

强化学习大模型自我搜索知识利用

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