用可学习的量子振幅编码实现2D/3D视觉场建模,训练稳定且无需后处理。
Quantum Visual Fields with Neural Amplitude Encoding
- 基于可学习能量流形的神经振幅编码,构建全纠缠量子电路。
- 在模拟器上优于现有量子方法,媲美经典基线模型的视觉表征精度。
- 适用于2D/3D场补全与3D形状插值,适合量子机器学习研究者。
量子隐式神经表示(QINR)作为一种新兴范式,利用参数化量子电路对经典信息进行编码与处理。然而,在量子线路架构设计、量子力学特性有效利用、训练效率以及与经典模块集成等方面仍面临挑战。本文提出一种新型QINR架构,用于2D图像和3D几何场学习,统称为量子视觉场(QVF)。QVF通过基于可学习能量流形的神经振幅编码将经典数据嵌入量子态向量,确保有意义的希尔伯特空间表示。其量子线路采用全纠缠的可学习参数化量子电路,量子操作在实希尔伯特空间中执行,实现数值稳定且快速收敛的训练。与以往依赖经典后处理的QINR方法不同,QVF直接通过测量提取编码于线路中的学习信号。在量子硬件模拟器上的实验表明,QVF在多种度量和模型特性下优于现有量子方法,并媲美广泛使用的经典基础模型。此外,我们展示了其在2D/3D场补全与3D形状插值中的应用,凸显其实用潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum Implicit Neural Representations (QINRs) have emerged as a promising paradigm that leverages parametrised quantum circuits to encode and process classical information. However, significant challenges remain in areas such as ansatz architecture design, the effective utility of quantum-mechanical properties, training efficiency, and the integration with classical modules. This paper advances the field by introducing a novel QINR architecture for 2D image and 3D geometric field learning, which we collectively refer to as Quantum Visual Field (QVF). QVF encodes classical data into quantum statevectors using neural amplitude encoding grounded in a learnable energy manifold, ensuring meaningful Hilbert-space embeddings. Our ansatz follows a fully entangled design of learnable parametrised quantum circuits, with quantum (unitary) operations performed in the real Hilbert space, resulting in numerically stable training with fast convergence. QVF does not rely on classical post-processing -- in contrast to the previous QINR learning approach -- and directly employs measurements to extract learned signals encoded in the ansatz. Experiments on a quantum hardware simulator demonstrate that QVF outperforms an existing quantum approach and competes with widely used classical foundational baselines in terms of visual representation accuracy across various metrics and model characteristics. We also show applications of QVF in 2D and 3D field completion and 3D shape interpolation, highlighting its practical potential. Project page: https://4dqv.mpi-inf.mpg.de/QVF/.
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