arXiv:2508.11070cs.AI2025-08

将算法救济扩展到多方共享资源场景,实现系统级公平与效率平衡。

Your Recourse, My Loss? Algorithmic Recourse under Shared Constraints

  • 构建带容量约束的加权二分图匹配模型,协调多方救济请求
  • 通过三重优化实现近似最优社会福利,代价仅需微调系统设置
  • 支持弱者优先的公平目标,适合政策设计与高敏感决策系统

决策者越来越多地在敏感场景中依赖机器学习。算法救济旨在为个体提供可操作且成本最低的步骤以逆转不利的AI决策。现有研究多聚焦单一主体(寻求者)与单一模型(提供方)场景,但现实应用涉及多方利益相关者。以个体福利为目标优化救济方案会忽略真实系统中的多主体竞争关系,尤其受限于稀缺资源。为此,本文将算法救济扩展至多对多、带容量约束的场景,此时个体救济建议不再独立有效,各方互动影响救济可行性。我们将其建模为带容量的加权二分图匹配问题,边权重反映救济成本,并优化社会总福利,量化个体福利与集体可行解之间的差距。提出三层优化:容量匹配、最优容量再分配与成本感知优化。进一步通过凹函数形式的社会福利目标实现反不平等设计,优先保障最弱势群体。实验表明,本框架可在系统设置微调下实现接近最优的社会福利,同时揭示如何在整体效率与分配公平间取得平衡。本研究将算法救济从个体建议推进至系统设计层面,为提升社会福利并维持个体可行动性提供了可落地的路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Decision makers are increasingly relying on machine learning in sensitive situations. Algorithmic recourse aims to provide individuals with actionable and minimally costly steps to reverse unfavorable AI-driven decisions. While existing research focuses on single-individual (i.e., seeker) and single-model (i.e., provider) scenarios, real-world applications involve multiple stakeholders. Optimizing outcomes for seekers under an individual welfare approach overlooks the multi-agent nature of real-world systems, with competition for limited resources. Accordingly, we extend algorithmic recourse to a many-to-many setting with capacity constraints, where individually computed recourse recommendations no longer compose independently and stakeholder interactions affect recourse validity. We model this multi-agent algorithimc recourse as a capacitated weighted bipartite matching problem, based on recourse cost and provider capacity. Edge weights, reflecting recourse costs, are optimized for social welfare while quantifying the welfare gap between individual welfare and this collectively feasible outcome. We propose three optimization layers: capacitated matching, optimal capacity redistribution, and cost-aware optimization. We further model inequality-averse objectives through a concave social-welfare formulation that prioritizes the most disadvantaged seekers. Experiments demonstrate that our framework enables the many-to-many algorithmic recourse to achieve near-optimal welfare with minimum modification in system settings. Our results also show how recourse systems can be designed to balance aggregate welfare with distributive considerations. We extend algorithmic recourse from individual recommendations to system-level design, providing a tractable path toward higher social welfare while maintaining individual actionability.

算法救济多智能体社会公平资源约束

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