arXiv:2508.11143cs.ROcs.AI2025-08AAAI被引 11

提出新框架AC3,让机器人用连续动作块完成长时程操作任务。

Actor-Critic for Continuous Action Chunks: A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation with Sparse Reward

  • 用成功轨迹训练策略网络,保证学习稳定
  • 结合分段回报与内在奖励,在稀疏奖励下仍有效
  • 仅需少量示范,适合实际机器人部署

现有强化学习方法在长时程机器人操作任务中表现不佳,尤其在奖励稀疏的情况下。虽然动作分块是机器人操作的有前景范式,但直接以强化学习方式稳定且高效地学习高维连续动作序列仍具挑战。本文提出AC3(Actor-Critic for Continuous Chunks)框架,用于生成高维连续动作序列。为实现稳定高效的学习,AC3在策略和价值函数中引入针对性稳定机制:首先,策略采用非对称更新规则,仅从成功轨迹中学习;其次,价值函数通过分段n步回报进行稳定更新,并由自监督模块在每个动作块锚点处提供内在奖励。我们在BiGym和RLBench共25个任务上进行了广泛实验。结果表明,仅使用少量示范和简单模型架构,AC3在多数任务上均达到更高成功率,验证了其设计的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods struggle with long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks, particularly those involving sparse rewards. While action chunking is a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation, using RL to directly learn continuous action chunks in a stable and data-efficient manner remains a critical challenge. This paper introduces AC3 (Actor-Critic for Continuous Chunks), a novel RL framework that learns to generate high-dimensional, continuous action sequences. To make this learning process stable and data-efficient, AC3 incorporates targeted stabilization mechanisms for both the actor and the critic. First, to ensure reliable policy improvement, the actor is trained with an asymmetric update rule, learning exclusively from successful trajectories. Second, to enable effective value learning despite sparse rewards, the critic's update is stabilized using intra-chunk $n$-step returns and further enriched by a self-supervised module providing intrinsic rewards at anchor points aligned with each action chunk. We conducted extensive experiments on 25 tasks from the BiGym and RLBench benchmarks. Results show that by using only a few demonstrations and a simple model architecture, AC3 achieves superior success rates on most tasks, validating its effective design.

强化学习机器人操作动作分块稀疏奖励

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