arXiv:2508.11205cs.LG2025-08中稿 · ICML被引 1

用调制方法让模型快速适应不同物理参数,保持能量守恒。

Meta-learning Structure-Preserving Dynamics

  • 通过调制机制在不显式参数化的情况下学习哈密顿系统。
  • 少样本下即可准确适应新参数,且严格保持能量等关键守恒量。
  • 适合需要快速泛化到未知物理场景的研究者使用。

基于结构保持的动力学建模因引入强归纳偏置(如守恒律、耗散行为)而展现出巨大潜力。然而,传统方法需针对每种系统配置单独训练,依赖已知参数且参数变化时需昂贵重训。尽管元学习可缓解此问题,优化类方法仍存在泛化能力有限的缺陷。受近期调制学习进展启发,本文系统研究了调制技术在保守动力系统学习中的应用。考察多种现有及新提出的调制策略,并将其融入无需显式参数化的哈密顿学习框架。在基准任务上的大量实验表明,基于调制的元学习实现了精准的少样本适应,在参数空间中具有鲁棒泛化能力,同时不破坏决定动力学的关键不变量守恒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Structure-preserving approaches to dynamics discovery have demonstrated great potential for modeling physical systems due to their use of strong inductive biases, which enforce key features such as conservation laws and dissipative behavior. However, these models are typically trained on a per-configuration basis, requiring explicit knowledge of system parameters and costly retraining when these parameters vary. While meta-learning provides a potential remedy, optimization-based approaches can suffer from limited generalizability. Motivated by recent advances in modulation-based learning aimed at mitigating these drawbacks, we systematically investigate the use of modulation techniques in learning conservative dynamical systems. We study a range of existing modulation strategies alongside newly proposed variants, integrating them into a Hamiltonian learning framework without requiring an explicit system parameterization. Through extensive experiments on benchmark problems, we demonstrate that modulation-based meta-learning enables accurate few-shot adaptation, achieving robust generalization across parameter space without compromising the conservation of key invariants responsible for the dynamics.

元学习物理建模哈密顿系统调制学习

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