arXiv:2508.11537cs.RO2025-08被引 3

用多模态Transformer预测多种停车路径,提升复杂场景下的安全性与泛化能力。

MultiPark: Multimodal Parking Transformer with Next-Segment Prediction

  • 基于自回归Transformer,通过预测下一航段实现路径空间泛化。
  • 在真实数据集上达到当前最佳性能,支持多种可行停车策略生成。
  • 适合自动驾驶系统开发人员,尤其关注复杂泊车场景的部署需求。

在高度受限的空间内精准安全地停车仍是重大挑战。与结构化驾驶环境不同,泊车需执行频繁换挡和转向饱和等复杂操作。现有基于模仿学习(IL)的方法虽取得一定成果,但忽略了无车道线开放空间中泊车行为的多模态特性,无法在同一情境下生成多种合理解。此外,基于IL的方法存在固有的因果混淆问题,使神经网络在多样化泊车场景中泛化困难。为此,我们提出MultiPark,一种用于多模态泊车的自回归Transformer模型。为应对具有突变转弯点的路径,引入高效的数据驱动下一航段预测机制,实现空间泛化与时间外推。同时设计可学习的泊车查询,分解为档位、纵向与横向分量,平行解码多样泊车行为。为缓解模仿学习中的因果混淆,采用以目标为中心的位姿和本车中心的碰撞作为跨模态的成果导向损失,超越单纯模仿损失。在真实世界数据集上的评估表明,MultiPark在各类场景中均达到当前最优表现。我们将MultiPark部署于量产车辆,进一步验证了其在真实泊车环境中的鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Parking accurately and safely in highly constrained spaces remains a critical challenge. Unlike structured driving environments, parking requires executing complex maneuvers such as frequent gear shifts and steering saturation. Recent attempts to employ imitation learning (IL) for parking have achieved promising results. However, existing works ignore the multimodal nature of parking behavior in lane-free open space, failing to derive multiple plausible solutions under the same situation. Notably, IL-based methods encompass inherent causal confusion, so enabling a neural network to generalize across diverse parking scenarios is particularly difficult. To address these challenges, we propose MultiPark, an autoregressive transformer for multimodal parking. To handle paths filled with abrupt turning points, we introduce a data-efficient next-segment prediction paradigm, enabling spatial generalization and temporal extrapolation. Furthermore, we design learnable parking queries factorized into gear, longitudinal, and lateral components, parallelly decoding diverse parking behaviors. To mitigate causal confusion in IL, our method employs target-centric pose and ego-centric collision as outcome-oriented loss across all modalities beyond pure imitation loss. Evaluations on real-world datasets demonstrate that MultiPark achieves state-of-the-art performance across various scenarios. We deploy MultiPark on a production vehicle, further confirming our approach's robustness in real-world parking environments.

自动驾驶多模态泊车规划Transformer

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