对比复杂自动分段喷洒与简单预测喷洒,发现后者更经济实用。
Nominal Evaluation Of Automatic Multi-Sections Control Potential In Comparison To A Simpler One- Or Two-Sections Alternative With Predictive Spray Switching
- 用预测喷洒逻辑替代复杂自动分段控制,实现低成本运行
- 在10个真实田块测试中,简化方案路径更短、重叠适中
- 适合小农场手动驾驶,无需传感器,成本极低
自动分段喷洒(ASC)旨在减少喷洒重叠,通过关闭已喷区域喷头并动态调节不同区段流量应对转向时速度变化。但其依赖高精度定位传感器,且受侧风漂移、喷嘴堵塞等不确定性影响。本文在理想条件下对比了ASC与更简单的单或双段控制方案,采用预测喷洒切换策略。评估基于10个真实农田案例,涵盖非凸边界、自由路径主道及多障碍区域。结合三种配置:48段、2段控制,或全喷头统一控制。结果表明,推荐一种兼顾路径长度最短、重叠适中、可手动执行预设喷洒逻辑的方案。该方案无需传感器,成本低,经济性显著优于ASC,尤其适合小型农场。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automatic Section Control (ASC) is a long-standing trend for spraying in agriculture. It promises to minimise spray overlap areas. The core idea is to (i) switch off spray nozzles on areas that have already been sprayed, and (ii) to dynamically adjust nozzle flow rates along the boom bar that holds the spray nozzles when velocities of boom sections vary during turn maneuvers. ASC is not possible without sensors for accurate positioning data. Spraying and the movement of modern wide boom bars are highly dynamic processes. In addition, many uncertainty factors have an effect such as cross wind drift, nozzle clogging in open-field conditions, etc. In view of this complexity, the natural question arises if a simpler alternative exist. Therefore, ASC is compared to a proposed simpler one- or two-sections alternative that uses predictive spray switching. The comparison is provided under nominal conditions. Agricultural spraying is intrinsically linked to area coverage path planning and spray switching logic. Combinations of two area coverage path planning and switching logics as well as 3 sections-setups are compared. The three sections-setups differ by controlling 48 sections, 2 sections or controlling all nozzles uniformly with the same control signal as one single section. Methods are evaluated on 10 diverse real-world field examples, including non-convex field contours, freeform mainfield lanes and multiple obstacle areas. An economic cost analysis is provided to compare the methods. A preferred method is suggested that (i) minimises area coverage pathlength, (ii) offers intermediate overlap, (iii) is suitable for manual driving by following a pre-planned predictive spray switching logic for an area coverage path plan, and (iv) and in contrast to ASC can be implemented sensor-free and at low cost. Surprisingly strong economic arguments are found to not recommend ASC for small farms.
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