arXiv:2508.11576cs.CV2025-08AAAI被引 9

视频模型靠帧间交互自动理解时间顺序,而非依赖位置编码。

Causality Matters: How Temporal Information Emerges in Video Language Models

  • 通过帧间注意力逐步合成时间线索,最终汇聚到末帧。
  • 打乱帧序导致性能大幅下降,但替换位置编码影响极小。
  • 提出分阶段跨模态注意力与早期退出机制,提升效率。

视频语言模型在多模态理解方面取得显著进展,但对事件顺序、持续时间和跨时关系的时间理解仍属核心挑战。以往研究强调位置编码(PEs)是编码时间结构的关键机制。然而我们发现,移除或修改视频输入中的位置编码对时间理解性能影响甚微;相反,保留原始位置编码而反转帧序列会导致性能显著下降。为解释此现象,我们开展系统性分析实验,追踪时间信息在模型中的整合路径。结果揭示了一条因果信息通路:时间线索通过帧间注意力逐步合成,汇聚于最后一帧,并随后融入查询令牌。这一涌现机制表明,时间推理源于因果注意力约束下的帧间视觉标记交互,隐式编码了时间结构。基于此,我们提出两种高效策略:分阶段跨模态注意力与用于早期令牌截断的时间退出机制。在两个基准上的实验验证了其有效性。据我们所知,这是首个对视频时间理解的系统性研究,为未来模型优化提供洞见。代码已公开于 https://github.com/ANDgate99/Causality-Matters。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Video language models (VideoLMs) have made significant progress in multimodal understanding. However, temporal understanding, which involves identifying event order, duration, and relationships across time, still remains a core challenge. Prior works emphasize positional encodings (PEs) as a key mechanism for encoding temporal structure. Surprisingly, we find that removing or modifying PEs in video inputs yields minimal degradation in the performance of temporal understanding. In contrast, reversing the frame sequence while preserving the original PEs causes a substantial drop. To explain this behavior, we conduct substantial analysis experiments to trace how temporal information is integrated within the model. We uncover a causal information pathway: temporal cues are progressively synthesized through inter-frame attention, aggregated in the final frame, and subsequently integrated into the query tokens. This emergent mechanism shows that temporal reasoning emerges from inter-visual token interactions under the constraints of causal attention, which implicitly encodes temporal structure. Based on these insights, we propose two efficiency-oriented strategies: staged cross-modal attention and a temporal exit mechanism for early token truncation. Experiments on two benchmarks validate the effectiveness of both approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of video temporal understanding in VideoLMs, offering insights for future model improvement. Our code is available at https://github.com/ANDgate99/Causality-Matters .

视频理解时间建模因果推理

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