软体机器人可双向赋能生物研究与海洋探索
Bioinspired underwater soft robots: from biology to robotics and back
- 构建生物与机器人双向互动框架，实现原理互鉴
- 软体机器人能验证生物功能与进化假设
- 适合海洋探测、生物实验及仿生设计人群
海洋中大量未被探索的区域和多样化的软体海洋生物激发了对仿生水下软体机器人的兴趣。近期进展使水下运动、感知和交互能力得到提升。然而，当前研究多为单向：生物学指导机器人设计，而机器人反馈极少回流至生物学。本文提出一个全链条双向框架，融合生物原理、机器人实现与生物学验证。结果表明，软体机器人可作为实验工具探测生物功能，甚至检验进化假说。其固有的柔性使其在非结构化环境中优于刚性系统，适用于海洋勘探、操作与医学应用。展望未来，提出生物普适性仿生机器人理念，超越物种特异性模仿，通过跨物种收敛规律启发更适应性强的设计。尽管进展迅速，材料耐久性、驱动效率、自主性与智能仍存挑战。通过融合生物学与工程学，软体机器人将推动海洋探索并深化科学发现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The ocean vast unexplored regions and diverse soft-bodied marine organisms have spurred interest in bio-inspired underwater soft robotics. Recent advances have enabled new capabilities in underwater movement, sensing, and interaction. However, these efforts are largely unidirectional, with biology guiding robotics while insights from robotics rarely feed back into biology. Here we propose a holistic, bidirectional framework that integrates biological principles, robotic implementation, and biological validation. We show that soft robots can serve as experimental tools to probe biological functions and even test evolutionary hypotheses. Their inherent compliance also allows them to outperform rigid systems in unstructured environments, supporting applications in marine exploration, manipulation, and medicine. Looking forward, we introduce bio-universal-inspired robotics, a paradigm that transcends species-specific mimicry by identifying convergent principles across species to inspire more adaptable designs. Despite rapid progress, challenges persist in material robustness, actuation efficiency, autonomy, and intelligence. By uniting biology and engineering, soft robots can advance ocean exploration and deepen scientific discovery.
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