用神经网络同时发现材料模型的不变量和能量函数,提升预测精度与可解释性。
Generalized invariants meet constitutive neural networks: A novel framework for hyperelastic materials
- 将不变量选择与本构模型构建融合进单一神经网络,自动学习最优组合。
- 在橡胶和脑组织数据上均优于传统与现有神经网络模型,尤其对小变形敏感。
- 适合需要物理可解释性的材料建模研究者,如生物软组织或高弹性体。
确定超弹性材料模型的核心挑战在于不变量的选择及应变能函数对这些不变量的依赖关系。本文提出一种全新的数据驱动框架,可同时发现各向同性不可压缩超弹性材料的合适不变量及其对应的应变能函数。该方法直接从实验观测中识别出一类广义不变量中最优的组合及相应的能量函数形式。不同于依赖固定不变量或分步拟合的传统方法,本框架将发现过程整合至统一神经网络结构中,通过遍历连续的可能不变量空间,灵活适应不同材料行为。我们在橡胶和脑组织的经典基准数据集上验证了该方法的有效性:对橡胶材料,恢复了以拉伸为主的经典模型形式;对脑组织,则识别出对小变形敏感的模型,准确捕捉软生物材料的非线性剪切响应。相比传统模型与基于神经网络的方法,本框架在多种变形状态下均展现出更高的预测精度和更好的可解释性。这一统一策略为超弹性建模中的自动化、物理意义明确的模型发现提供了稳健工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The major challenge in determining a hyperelastic model for a given material is the choice of invariants and the selection how the strain energy function depends functionally on these invariants. Here we introduce a new data-driven framework that simultaneously discovers appropriate invariants and constitutive models for isotropic incompressible hyperelastic materials. Our approach identifies both the most suitable invariants in a class of generalized invariants and the corresponding strain energy function directly from experimental observations. Unlike previous methods that rely on fixed invariant choices or sequential fitting procedures, our method integrates the discovery process into a single neural network architecture. By looking at a continuous family of possible invariants, the model can flexibly adapt to different material behaviors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach using popular benchmark datasets for rubber and brain tissue. For rubber, the method recovers a stretch-dominated formulation consistent with classical models. For brain tissue, it identifies a formulation sensitive to small stretches, capturing the nonlinear shear response characteristic of soft biological matter. Compared to traditional and neural-network-based models, our framework provides improved predictive accuracy and interpretability across a wide range of deformation states. This unified strategy offers a robust tool for automated and physically meaningful model discovery in hyperelasticity.
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