用模型训练替代挖矿,让算力产出真实价值。
Substituting Proof of Work in Blockchain with Training-Verified Collaborative Model Computation
- miners用算力训练分布式机器学习模型,贡献可量化
- 通过参数量和损失下降评估贡献,胜者获数字证书
- 适合关注区块链可持续性与AI协同计算的研究者
比特币的工作量证明(PoW)机制虽保障了去中心化共识,但长期因高能耗和硬件低效备受批评。本文提出一种混合架构,将传统PoW替换为集中式云平台的协作训练框架。矿工贡献算力,在预处理数据集上训练水平扩展的机器学习模型,确保隐私并生成有意义输出。中心服务器使用两个指标评估贡献:每轮训练的参数量及模型损失下降值。每轮结束后,基于权重的抽奖选出获胜矿工,授予数字签名证书。该证书作为可验证的PoW替代品,赋予其向区块链添加区块的权利。系统结合数字签名与SHA-256哈希,保持区块链完整性,同时将能源消耗转向有实际价值的计算任务。该方案解决了传统挖矿的可持续性问题,使安全激励与现实世界计算进展对齐。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bitcoin's Proof of Work (PoW) mechanism, while central to achieving decentralized consensus, has long been criticized for excessive energy use and hardware inefficiencies \cite{devries2018bitcoin, truby2018decarbonizing}. This paper introduces a hybrid architecture that replaces Bitcoin's traditional PoW with a centralized, cloud-based collaborative training framework. In this model, miners contribute computing resources to train segments of horizontally scaled machine learning models on preprocessed datasets, ensuring privacy and generating meaningful outputs \cite{li2017securing}. A central server evaluates contributions using two metrics: number of parameters trained and reduction in model loss during each cycle. At the end of every cycle, a weighted lottery selects the winning miner, who receives a digitally signed certificate. This certificate serves as a verifiable substitute for PoW and grants the right to append a block to the blockchain \cite{nakamoto2008bitcoin}. By integrating digital signatures and SHA-256 hashing \cite{nist2015sha}, the system preserves blockchain integrity while redirecting energy toward productive computation. The proposed approach addresses the sustainability concerns of traditional mining by converting resource expenditure into socially valuable work, aligning security incentives with real-world computational progress.
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