基于3D pCASL MRI构建性别特异性脑灌注评分，量化个体灌注缺陷。
A Novel Vascular Risk Scoring Framework for Quantifying Sex-Specific Cerebral Perfusion from 3D pCASL MRI
- 用改进的SLIC算法分割脑血流图，提取区域特征
- 女性在多个脑区血流更高，年龄增长导致全脑血流下降
- 提出个性化血管风险评分，适合神经疾病早期筛查
性別與年齡對腦灌注的影響已被認可，但其對區域腦血流量（CBF）及血管風險的具體作用仍待明確。本研究利用3D偽連續動脈自旋標記（pCASL）MRI，識別性別與年齡相關的CBF模式，並基於正常灌注剖面建立血管風險評分（VRS）。分析了186名認知健康受試者（89名男性，97名女性；年齡8至92歲）的公開數據集。採用擴展的3D簡易線性迭代聚類（SLIC）超像素算法，將具有相似強度的鄰近體素分組為解剖學上意義明確的區域。提取區域CBF特徵，訓練卷積神經網絡（CNN）進行性別分類與灌注模式分析。同時評估全球性年齡相關的CBF變化。通過將個體CBF圖譜與年齡和性別特異性的正常數據比較，計算出個人化VRS，以量化灌注缺陷。使用所提出的超像素方法實現了95%的性別分類準確率，並識別出顯著的灌注特徵。女性在內側布羅德曼區6和10、視覺區V5、枕極皮層及島葉區域顯示更高的CBF。兩性均觀察到隨年齡增長的整體CBF下降。利用VRS量化個體灌注缺陷，提供了一種早期低灌注的個人化生物標誌物。研究揭示了性別和年齡特異性CBF模式，並提出一種個人化血管風險生物標誌物，促進精準神經學發展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The influence of sex and age on cerebral perfusion is recognized, but the specific impacts on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and vascular risk remain to be fully characterized. In this study, 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI was used to identify sex and age related CBF patterns, and a vascular risk score (VRS) was developed based on normative perfusion profiles. Perfusion data from 186 cognitively healthy participants (89 males, 97 females; aged 8 to 92 years), obtained from a publicly available dataset, were analyzed. An extension of the 3D Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) supervoxel algorithm was applied to CBF maps to group neighboring voxels with similar intensities into anatomically meaningful regions. Regional CBF features were extracted and used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for sex classification and perfusion pattern analysis. Global, age related CBF changes were also assessed. Participant specific VRS was computed by comparing individual CBF profiles to age and sex specific normative data to quantify perfusion deficits. A 95 percent accuracy in sex classification was achieved using the proposed supervoxel based method, and distinct perfusion signatures were identified. Higher CBF was observed in females in medial Brodmann areas 6 and 10, area V5, occipital polar cortex, and insular regions. A global decline in CBF with age was observed in both sexes. Individual perfusion deficits were quantified using VRS, providing a personalized biomarker for early hypoperfusion. Sex and age specific CBF patterns were identified, and a personalized vascular risk biomarker was proposed, contributing to advancements in precision neurology.
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