为非洲制定AI安全议程，应对本地化风险与全球治理缺失
Toward an African Agenda for AI Safety
- 从人权保护出发，构建面向弱势群体的AI治理框架
- 提出建立非洲首个专门AI安全机构，填补大陆空白
- 推动多语言预警系统与年度泛非安全论坛建设
本文梳理了非洲独特的AI风险图谱，涵盖深度伪造引发的选举干预、数据殖民依赖、算力匮乏、劳动力冲击及气候相关环境成本加剧等问题。尽管承诺带来重大收益，但AI的可用性、开发与应用使非洲民众和国家面临独特安全风险，包括大规模就业市场动荡以及被用于操纵公众舆论的恶意使用。目前，非洲视角尚未被有效纳入全球AI安全讨论与进程，导致其在新兴全球治理议程中影响力有限。大陆虽有计算机应急响应团队，但无一设立专门的AI安全机构。为此，本文提出五点行动方案：（i）以保护最易受AI负面影响群体的人权为核心政策导向；（ii）设立非洲人工智能安全研究所；（iii）提升公众AI素养与意识；（iv）开发涵盖25种以上非洲语言的包容性基准测试集与早期预警系统；（v）建立年度非洲联盟级AI安全与安保论坛。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper maps Africa's distinctive AI risk profile, from deepfake fuelled electoral interference and data colonial dependency to compute scarcity, labour disruption and disproportionate exposure to climate driven environmental costs. While major benefits are promised to accrue, the availability, development and adoption of AI also mean that African people and countries face particular AI safety risks, from large scale labour market disruptions to the nefarious use of AI to manipulate public opinion. To date, African perspectives have not been meaningfully integrated into global debates and processes regarding AI safety, leaving African stakeholders with limited influence over the emerging global AI safety governance agenda. While there are Computer Incident Response Teams on the continent, none hosts a dedicated AI Safety Institute or office. We propose a five-point action plan centred on (i) a policy approach that foregrounds the protection of the human rights of those most vulnerable to experiencing the harmful socio-economic effects of AI; (ii) the establishment of an African AI Safety Institute; (iii) promote public AI literacy and awareness; (iv) development of early warning system with inclusive benchmark suites for 25+ African languages; and (v) an annual AU-level AI Safety & Security Forum.
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