arXiv:2508.13532cs.LGcs.SY2025-08被引 3

构建多建筑柔性协调平台,实现精准能耗调控与系统平衡。

MuFlex: A Scalable, Physics-based Platform for Multi-Building Flexibility Analysis and Coordination

  • 基于EnergyPlus和Modelica的多建筑物理仿真协同
  • 四栋办公楼协同控制使峰值用电降低近12%且保持舒适度
  • 支持可扩展、标准化强化学习测试,适合智能楼宇研究

随着可再生能源在电网中渗透率提升,维持系统平衡需聚合建筑群的柔性需求响应。强化学习因无需模型而被广泛用于建筑控制,但多数开源仿真测试平台聚焦单体建筑,缺乏多建筑协同能力。现有平台通常依赖简化模型(如电阻-电容模型)或数据驱动方法,难以捕捉物理细节与中间变量,影响控制性能分析。同时,固定输入输出格式限制了其在多样化控制场景中的适用性。为此,本文提出MuFlex——一个可扩展、开源的多建筑柔性协调平台。该平台支持多个精细建筑模型(EnergyPlus与Modelica)间的同步信息交换与联合仿真,并遵循最新的OpenAI Gym接口标准,实现模块化、标准化的强化学习部署。案例研究中,采用Soft Actor-Critic(SAC)算法协调四栋办公楼的需求柔性,结果表明:在维持室内舒适度前提下,聚合负荷峰值降低约12%,且低于设定阈值。此外,通过不同规模、类型和仿真程序的建筑集群进行计算基准测试,验证了平台的可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

With the increasing penetration of renewable generation on the power grid, maintaining system balance requires coordinated demand flexibility from aggregations of buildings. Reinforcement learning has been widely explored for building controls because of its model-free nature. Open-source simulation testbeds are essential not only for training RL agents but also for fairly benchmarking control strategies. However, most building-sector testbeds target single buildings; multi-building platforms are relatively limited and typically rely on simplified models (e.g., Resistance-Capacitance) or data-driven approaches, which lack the ability to fully capture the physical intricacies and intermediate variables necessary for interpreting control performance. Moreover, these platforms often impose fixed inputs, outputs, and model formats, restricting their applicability as benchmarking tools across diverse control scenarios. To address these gaps, MuFlex, a scalable, open-source platform for multi-building flexibility coordination, was developed. MuFlex enables synchronous information exchange and co-simulation across multiple detailed building models programmed in EnergyPlus and Modelica, and adheres to the latest OpenAI Gym interface, providing a modular, standardized RL implementation. The platform's physics-based capabilities and workflow were demonstrated in a case study coordinating demand flexibility across four office buildings using the Soft Actor-Critic algorithm. The results show that under four buildings' coordination, SAC effectively reduced the aggregated peak demand by nearly 12% with maintained indoor comfort to ensure the power demand below the threshold. Additionally, the platform's scalability was investigated through computational benchmarking on building clusters with varying sizes, model types, and simulation programs.

建筑节能强化学习多智能体能源调度

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