arXiv:2508.14330cs.LG2025-08中稿 · WSDM 2026被引 2

用张量分解实现多视角图压缩,提升训练效率与可解释性。

Multi-view Graph Condensation via Tensor Decomposition

  • 基于张量分解构建多视角图压缩框架,避免复杂双层优化。
  • 在6个真实数据集上压缩后仍保持高精度,3个数据集准确率提升4.0%。
  • 适合需要高效训练和模型可解释性的大规模图学习任务。

图神经网络(GNN)在药物发现、目标检测、社交媒体分析、推荐系统和文本分类等众多实际应用中表现出色。然而,在大规模图上训练GNN面临显著的计算挑战,主要源于其存储和处理资源需求高。图压缩作为一种有前景的解决方案,通过学习一个合成的小型图来保留原始图的关键信息,同时维持GNN的预测性能。尽管已有方法有效,但当前大多数依赖计算成本高昂的双层优化,且缺乏合成节点与原节点间的映射关系,限制了模型决策的可解释性。为此,本文提出一种新方法——多视角图压缩张量分解(GCTD),探索张量分解技术在图压缩中的应用潜力。该方法利用多线性函数建模图结构,实现更透明、低资源消耗的压缩。在6个真实世界数据集上的大量实验表明,GCTD能有效缩小图规模并保持良好下游任务性能,其中3个数据集准确率最高提升4.0%,在大型图上表现优于现有方法。代码已公开于https://anonymous.4open.science/r/gctd-345A。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable results in various real-world applications, including drug discovery, object detection, social media analysis, recommender systems, and text classification. In contrast to their vast potential, training them on large-scale graphs presents significant computational challenges due to the resources required for their storage and processing. Graph Condensation has emerged as a promising solution to reduce these demands by learning a synthetic compact graph that preserves the essential information of the original one while maintaining the GNN's predictive performance. Despite their efficacy, current graph condensation approaches frequently rely on a computationally intensive bi-level optimization. Moreover, they fail to maintain a mapping between synthetic and original nodes, limiting the interpretability of the model's decisions. In this sense, a wide range of decomposition techniques have been applied to learn linear or multi-linear functions from graph data, offering a more transparent and less resource-intensive alternative. However, their applicability to graph condensation remains unexplored. This paper addresses this gap and proposes a novel method called Multi-view Graph Condensation via Tensor Decomposition (GCTD) to investigate to what extent such techniques can synthesize an informative smaller graph and achieve comparable downstream task performance. Extensive experiments on six real-world datasets demonstrate that GCTD effectively reduces graph size while preserving GNN performance, achieving up to a 4.0\ improvement in accuracy on three out of six datasets and competitive performance on large graphs compared to existing approaches. Our code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/gctd-345A.

图神经网络图压缩张量分解多视角建模

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