arXiv:2508.14906cs.IRcs.AI2025-08

用量子记忆网络提升电影推荐,兼顾精度与抗噪能力。

Collaborative Filtering using Variational Quantum Hopfield Associative Memory

  • 结合量子霍普菲尔德记忆与深度神经网络,用极化模式表示用户分群
  • 理想环境下准确率88.41%,噪声环境下仍保持80.13%准确率
  • 仅更新单个量子比特降低资源开销,适合实际量子硬件部署

量子计算相比经典系统具备指数级加速潜力,在机器学习与推荐系统中展现新应用。本文提出一种混合推荐系统,将变分量子霍普菲尔德关联记忆(QHAM)与深度神经网络结合,用于处理MovieLens 1M数据集。通过K-Means算法将用户分群,并利用编码器激活函数转换为极化模式输入模型。系统在理想环境下以均方误差损失训练35轮,获得ROC值0.9795、准确率0.8841、F-1分数0.8786;在含比特翻转与读出错误的噪声环境(模拟真实量子硬件)中同样训练35轮,仍达ROC 0.9177、准确率0.8013、F-1 0.7866,表现稳定。此外,通过仅更新一个随机目标量子比特,优化了先前QHAM架构的量子比特开销。该框架实现了与纯经典方法相当的性能,且在噪声环境中表现稳健,为推荐系统中的量子计算应用提供新方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quantum computing, with its ability to do exponentially faster computation compared to classical systems, has found novel applications in various fields such as machine learning and recommendation systems. Quantum Machine Learning (QML), which integrates quantum computing with machine learning techniques, presents powerful new tools for data processing and pattern recognition. This paper proposes a hybrid recommendation system that combines Quantum Hopfield Associative Memory (QHAM) with deep neural networks to improve the extraction and classification on the MovieLens 1M dataset. User archetypes are clustered into multiple unique groups using the K-Means algorithm and converted into polar patterns through the encoder's activation function. These polar patterns are then integrated into the variational QHAM-based hybrid recommendation model. The system was trained using the MSE loss over 35 epochs in an ideal environment, achieving an ROC value of 0.9795, an accuracy of 0.8841, and an F-1 Score of 0.8786. Trained with the same number of epochs in a noisy environment using a custom Qiskit AER noise model incorporating bit-flip and readout errors with the same probabilities as in real quantum hardware, it achieves an ROC of 0.9177, an accuracy of 0.8013, and an F-1 Score equal to 0.7866, demonstrating consistent performance. Additionally, we were able to optimize the qubit overhead present in previous QHAM architectures by efficiently updating only one random targeted qubit. This research presents a novel framework that combines variational quantum computing with deep learning, capable of dealing with real-world datasets with comparable performance compared to purely classical counterparts. Additionally, the model can perform similarly well in noisy configurations, showcasing a steady performance and proposing a promising direction for future usage in recommendation systems.

量子推荐混合模型抗噪性变分量子

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