arXiv:2508.14940cs.LG2025-08被引 1

根据患者特征动态选最优模型,提升肺癌风险预测精准度。

Cohort-Aware Agents for Individualized Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Using a Retrieval-Augmented Model Selection Framework

  • 用相似度搜索从九个真实队列中找最匹配的患者群体。
  • 通过大模型推荐最适合的八种预测算法之一,性能更优。
  • 适合多中心临床场景,实现个性化肺癌风险评估。

由于患者群体和临床环境差异大,单一模型难以在所有情况下表现最佳。为此,我们提出一种个性化肺癌风险预测智能体,通过结合队列特异性知识与现代检索和推理技术,为每位患者动态选择最合适模型。给定患者的CT影像和结构化数据(包括人口统计、临床及结节特征),该智能体首先利用基于FAISS的相似性搜索,在九个多样化的现实队列中识别最相关的患者群体;其次,将检索到的队列及其性能指标输入大语言模型(LLM),从八个代表性模型池中推荐最优预测算法,涵盖经典线性模型(如Mayo、Brock)、时序感知模型(如TD-VIT、DLSTM)以及多模态计算机视觉方法(如Liao、Sybil、DLS、DLI)。这一两阶段流程——基于FAISS的检索与基于LLM的推理——实现了针对个体特征的动态、队列感知的风险预测。该架构支持跨不同临床人群灵活、以队列为导向的模型选择,为真实世界肺癌筛查中的个体化风险评估提供了可行路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate lung cancer risk prediction remains challenging due to substantial variability across patient populations and clinical settings -- no single model performs best for all cohorts. To address this, we propose a personalized lung cancer risk prediction agent that dynamically selects the most appropriate model for each patient by combining cohort-specific knowledge with modern retrieval and reasoning techniques. Given a patient's CT scan and structured metadata -- including demographic, clinical, and nodule-level features -- the agent first performs cohort retrieval using FAISS-based similarity search across nine diverse real-world cohorts to identify the most relevant patient population from a multi-institutional database. Second, a Large Language Model (LLM) is prompted with the retrieved cohort and its associated performance metrics to recommend the optimal prediction algorithm from a pool of eight representative models, including classical linear risk models (e.g., Mayo, Brock), temporally-aware models (e.g., TD-VIT, DLSTM), and multi-modal computer vision-based approaches (e.g., Liao, Sybil, DLS, DLI). This two-stage agent pipeline -- retrieval via FAISS and reasoning via LLM -- enables dynamic, cohort-aware risk prediction personalized to each patient's profile. Building on this architecture, the agent supports flexible and cohort-driven model selection across diverse clinical populations, offering a practical path toward individualized risk assessment in real-world lung cancer screening.

肺癌预测智能体模型选择多模态

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