用对比学习与元学习实现零样本异常检测,提升工业医疗场景下小样本泛化能力。
A Contrastive Learning-Guided Confident Meta-learning for Zero Shot Anomaly Detection
- 融合置信度加权与元学习,保留边界数据并强化正常模式特征。
- 在10个数据集上达到领先性能,纹理数据集最高99.2%的I-AUROC。
- 无需视觉语言对齐或集成模型,适合资源受限环境快速部署。
工业与医疗异常检测面临数据稀缺和标注成本高昂的挑战,尤其在动态制造与医疗场景中。为此,我们提出CoZAD框架,结合软置信学习、元学习与对比特征表示,实现零样本异常检测。不同于传统置信学习中丢弃不确定样本的做法,本方法为所有训练数据分配基于置信度的权重,保留边界信息并突出典型正常模式。通过四分位距阈值量化数据不确定性,并在模型无关元学习中引入协方差正则化来捕捉模型不确定性。对比学习构建判别性特征空间,使正常模式形成紧凑聚类,支持快速领域适应。在涵盖工业与医疗领域的10个数据集上进行全面评估,表现优于现有方法,在7个工业基准中的6个取得领先,尤其在纹理丰富数据集上表现突出(DTD-Synthetic达99.2% I-AUROC,BTAD达97.2%),像素级定位准确率也达到96.3% P-AUROC(MVTec-AD)。该框架不依赖视觉-语言对齐或模型集成,适用于资源受限环境下快速部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Industrial and medical anomaly detection faces critical challenges from data scarcity and prohibitive annotation costs, particularly in evolving manufacturing and healthcare settings. To address this, we propose CoZAD, a novel zero-shot anomaly detection framework that integrates soft confident learning with meta-learning and contrastive feature representation. Unlike traditional confident learning that discards uncertain samples, our method assigns confidence-based weights to all training data, preserving boundary information while emphasizing prototypical normal patterns. The framework quantifies data uncertainty through IQR-based thresholding and model uncertainty via covariance based regularization within a Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning. Contrastive learning creates discriminative feature spaces where normal patterns form compact clusters, enabling rapid domain adaptation. Comprehensive evaluation across 10 datasets spanning industrial and medical domains demonstrates state-of-the-art performance, outperforming existing methods on 6 out of 7 industrial benchmarks with notable improvements on texture-rich datasets (99.2% I-AUROC on DTD-Synthetic, 97.2% on BTAD) and pixellevel localization (96.3% P-AUROC on MVTec-AD). The framework eliminates dependence on vision-language alignments or model ensembles, making it valuable for resourceconstrained environments requiring rapid deployment.
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