arXiv:2508.18142cs.HCcs.CY2025-08ACL被引 5

用用户反馈训练更懂人的推荐系统模拟器,提升推荐准确性与可解释性。

Mirroring Users: Towards Building Preference-aligned User Simulator with User Feedback in Recommendation

  • 利用大模型生成决策理由,降低用户反馈的模糊性。
  • 通过不确定性和行为采样筛选高质量样本,提升数据效率。
  • 适合研究推荐系统、人机交互及可信AI的学者与工程师。

用户模拟在推荐系统开发与评估中日益重要。尽管大语言模型(LLMs)为模拟用户行为提供了潜力,但其常因缺乏推荐任务特定对齐和大规模模拟的效率要求而表现受限。推荐系统中蕴含的大量用户反馈是未被充分挖掘的资源,但其模糊性、噪声和海量特性使高效偏好对齐成为挑战。为此,我们提出一种新颖的数据构建框架,结合推荐系统中的用户反馈与先进LLM能力,生成高质量模拟数据。该框架分为两个阶段:(1) 利用LLM为模拟样本生成决策过程作为解释性推理,减少模糊性;(2) 基于不确定性估计与行为采样进行数据提炼,高效筛选最具信息量且去噪的样本。据此,我们使用高质量数据集及其对应决策过程,微调轻量级LLM作为用户模拟器。大量实验表明,该框架显著提升了微调后LLM与人类偏好的对齐度及域内推理能力,为推荐系统交互提供更深入、可解释的信号。我们公开了代码、框架、混合领域数据集及微调模型检查点,推动推荐系统研究,并为更广泛的人本智能研究提供洞见。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

User simulation is increasingly vital to develop and evaluate recommender systems (RSs). While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising avenues to simulate user behavior, they often struggle with the absence of specific task alignment required for RSs and the efficiency demands of large-scale simulation. A vast yet underutilized resource for enhancing this alignment is the extensive user feedback inherent in RSs, but leveraging it is challenging due to its ambiguity, noise and massive volume, which hinders efficient preference alignment. To overcome these hurdles, we introduce a novel data construction framework that leverages user feedback in RSs with advanced LLM capabilities to generate high-quality simulation data. Our framework unfolds in two key phases: (1) using LLMs to generate decision-making processes as explanatory rationales on simulation samples, thereby reducing ambiguity; and (2) data distillation based on uncertainty estimation and behavior sampling to efficiently filter the most informative, denoised samples. Accordingly, we fine-tune lightweight LLMs, as user simulators, using such high-quality dataset with corresponding decision-making processes. Extensive experiments confirm that our framework significantly boosts the alignment with human preferences and the in-domain reasoning capabilities of the fine-tuned LLMs, providing more insightful and interpretable signals for RS interaction. We believe our work, together with publicly available developed framework, high-quality mixed-domain dataset, and fine-tuned LLM checkpoints, will advance the RS community and offer valuable insights for broader human-centric AI research. Our code is available at https://github.com/Joinn99/UserMirrorer.

推荐系统用户模拟大模型可解释性

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