通过智能跳过冗余层,让视觉语言模型更快更省资源。
GM-Skip: Metric-Guided Transformer Block Skipping for Efficient Vision-Language Models
- 根据任务指标动态选择跳过哪些模型层,保持性能的同时提速。
- 在COCO数据集上跳过40%以上层,人物分类准确率从19.1%提升至87.3%。
- 适合自动驾驶等对延迟敏感的实时应用,已验证可降低45.4%延迟。
基于Transformer的视觉语言模型(VLMs)在图像描述、物体识别和视觉推理等任务上表现优异,但高计算开销限制了其在自动驾驶等低延迟场景中的部署。本文提出GM-Skip,一种灵活且指标自适应的Transformer层跳过框架,可在不牺牲输出质量的前提下加速VLM推理。该方法采用贪婪的指标引导层选择策略,利用准确率、CIDEr等反馈识别冗余层,并引入逆序删除机制,保留早期基础层以防止性能崩溃。通过分数-稀疏度平衡目标,支持灵活调节稀疏性与性能之间的权衡。在COCO和CODA等多个任务与数据集上的实验表明,GM-Skip持续提升推理速度并维持任务性能。在COCO数据集上,跳过超过40%的Transformer块后,单对象分类中“人物”类别的准确率从19.1%提升至87.3%。在真实自动驾驶系统中集成至Autoware.Universe后,单对象检测延迟最高降低45.4%,验证了跳过配置的有效性,确认其在实际推理加速中的实用价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Transformer-based Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance on tasks such as image captioning, object recognition, and visual reasoning, but their high computational cost hinders deployment in latency-sensitive applications like autonomous driving. We introduce GM-Skip, a flexible and metric-adaptive framework for Transformer block skipping that accelerates VLM inference while preserving output quality. GM-Skip features a greedy, metric-guided block selection strategy that uses metric feedback (e.g., accuracy, CIDEr) to identify redundant layers, along with a reverse-order deletion mechanism that preserves early foundational blocks to avoid performance collapse. To support diverse deployment needs, it incorporates a tunable trade-off between sparsity and performance via a score-sparsity balance objective. Experiments across multiple tasks and datasets, including COCO and CODA, show that GM-Skip consistently improves inference speed while maintaining task performance. On the COCO dataset, GM-Skip improves single-object classification accuracy on the Person category from 19.1 percent to 87.3 percent while skipping more than 40 percent of Transformer blocks. In real-world deployment, it achieves up to 45.4 percent latency reduction on single-object detection when integrated into an autonomous vehicle running Autoware.Universe, validating the effectiveness of its skip configurations and confirming its practical value in accelerating real-world inference.
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