arXiv:2508.18376cs.LGcs.DC2025-08被引 1

通过双粒度稀疏化提升MoE模型推理效率,精度损失极小。

DualSparse-MoE: Coordinating Tensor/Neuron-Level Sparsity with Expert Partition and Reconstruction

  • 后训练阶段划分专家,实现张量与神经元级稀疏。
  • 25%计算裁剪率下精度仅降0.08%-0.28%,速度显著提升。
  • 适配负载均衡的专家并行,加速比达1.41倍。

Mixture of Experts (MoE) 作为构建大语言模型的主流架构,通过减少每令牌计算量实现模型扩展。其本质是将大型前馈网络(FFN)在张量层面划分为细粒度子网络(即专家),仅激活每个输入对应的稀疏子集。尽管稀疏性提升了效率,但巨大计算规模和不可预测的激活模式仍带来挑战。本文发现预训练MoE模块中存在张量与神经元级双重稀疏性,是兼顾精度与效率的关键。不同于以往通过更细粒度专家设计在预训练阶段增强张量稀疏性的方法,我们提出后训练阶段的专家划分策略,在无需重训练的前提下诱导稀疏性,保持模型变换的数学一致性,并提升后续微调与推理的效率与精度。基于此,提出DualSparse-MoE推理系统,融合动态张量级计算丢弃与静态神经元级重构,实现显著效率提升且精度损失极小。实验表明,约25%计算丢弃率下,三种主流MoE模型平均精度仅下降0.08%-0.28%,且计算量减少与速度提升成比例。进一步引入负载不均感知的专家并行,使MoE模块加速1.41倍,仅牺牲0.5%平均精度。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at the tensor level into fine-grained sub-FFNs, or experts, and activating only a sparse subset for each input. While this sparsity improves efficiency, MoE still faces substantial challenges due to their massive computational scale and unpredictable activation patterns. To enable efficient MoE deployment, we identify dual sparsity at the tensor and neuron levels in pre-trained MoE modules as a key factor for both accuracy and efficiency. Unlike prior work that increases tensor-level sparsity through finer-grained expert design during pre-training, we introduce post-training expert partitioning to induce such sparsity without retraining. This preserves the mathematical consistency of model transformations and enhances both efficiency and accuracy in subsequent fine-tuning and inference. Building upon this, we propose DualSparse-MoE, an inference system that integrates dynamic tensor-level computation dropping with static neuron-level reconstruction to deliver significant efficiency gains with minimal accuracy loss. Experimental results show that enforcing an approximate 25% drop rate with our approach reduces average accuracy by only 0.08%-0.28% across three prevailing MoE models, while nearly all degrees of computation dropping consistently yield proportional computational speedups. Furthermore, incorporating load-imbalance awareness into expert parallelism achieves a 1.41x MoE module speedup with just 0.5% average accuracy degradation.

MoE稀疏化推理优化大模型

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