用标准化架构打造汽车数字孪生，实证其适用性与改进方向
Engineering Automotive Digital Twins on Standardized Architectures: A Case Study
- 基于ISO 23247标准构建汽车数字孪生架构
- 在1/10尺度自动驾驶车上验证架构可行性
- 为行业提供可落地的数字孪生开发参考
数字孪生（DT）技术在汽车工业中日益受到关注，亟需更智能的服务来发挥其优势，如远程控制与云端车队协同。然而，缺乏统一的架构指导制约了汽车数字孪生的工程实现。目前唯一可用的标准是ISO 23247参考架构，尽管非专为汽车系统设计，却是当前可行的起点。本文通过在1/10尺度自动驾驶车辆上开发自适应巡航控制数字孪生的案例研究，评估该标准的适用性，识别其优势与局限，并提出未来研究、实践与标准制定的方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Digital twin (DT) technology has become of interest in the automotive industry. There is a growing need for smarter services that utilize the unique capabilities of DTs, ranging from computer-aided remote control to cloud-based fleet coordination. Developing such services starts with the software architecture. However, the scarcity of DT architectural guidelines poses a challenge for engineering automotive DTs. Currently, the only DT architectural standard is the one defined in ISO 23247. Though not developed for automotive systems, it is one of the few feasible starting points for automotive DTs. In this work, we investigate the suitability of the ISO 23247 reference architecture for developing automotive DTs. Through the case study of developing an Adaptive Cruise Control DT for a 1/10th-scale autonomous vehicle, we identify some strengths and limitations of the reference architecture and begin distilling future directions for researchers, practitioners, and standard developers.
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