用自然语言指挥多机器人协作搬运,靠地图分割实现高效接力。
DELIVER: A System for LLM-Guided Coordinated Multi-Robot Pickup and Delivery using Voronoi-Based Relay Planning
- 用维诺图划分区域,自动规划交接点避免碰撞
- 团队越大越省力,单机负载降低55%,接力者始终很少
- 适合真实场景中需语音指令的多机协同任务
我们提出DELIVER(基于语言指令的物品定向执行与工程化接力),一个由自然语言命令驱动的完整多机器人拾取与配送框架。该系统融合自然语言理解、空间分解、接力路径规划与运动执行,实现在真实环境中的可扩展、无碰撞协同。给定口头或书面指令后,轻量级LLaMA3实例解析出取货与送货位置;环境通过维诺图剖分定义各机器人专属作业区;机器人在共享边界上计算最优接力点并协调交接;有限状态机控制每台机器人的行为,确保鲁棒执行。我们在MultiTRAIL仿真平台实现DELIVER,验证于ROS2-Gazebo仿真及基于TurtleBot3的真实硬件。实验表明,系统在不同团队规模下保持一致的任务成本,相比单机系统单机负载减少最高达55%;且随着团队规模扩大,活跃接力机器人数量依然维持低位,体现系统可扩展性与高效资源利用。这些结果凸显DELIVER模块化、可拓展的架构设计,推动了人机协同物理系统集成的发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We present DELIVER (Directed Execution of Language-instructed Item Via Engineered Relay), a fully integrated framework for cooperative multi-robot pickup and delivery driven by natural language commands. DELIVER unifies natural language understanding, spatial decomposition, relay planning, and motion execution to enable scalable, collision-free coordination in real-world settings. Given a spoken or written instruction, a lightweight instance of LLaMA3 interprets the command to extract pickup and delivery locations. The environment is partitioned using a Voronoi tessellation to define robot-specific operating regions. Robots then compute optimal relay points along shared boundaries and coordinate handoffs. A finite-state machine governs each robot's behavior, enabling robust execution. We implement DELIVER on the MultiTRAIL simulation platform and validate it in both ROS2-based Gazebo simulations and real-world hardware using TurtleBot3 robots. Empirical results show that DELIVER maintains consistent mission cost across varying team sizes while reducing per-agent workload by up to 55% compared to a single-agent system. Moreover, the number of active relay agents remains low even as team size increases, demonstrating the system's scalability and efficient agent utilization. These findings underscore DELIVER's modular and extensible architecture for language-guided multi-robot coordination, advancing the frontiers of cyber-physical system integration.
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