arXiv:2508.19608cs.RO2025-08被引 12

让无人机机械臂在任意姿态下稳定操作,突破传统飞行器角度限制。

Autonomous Aerial Manipulation at Arbitrary Pose in SE(3) with Robust Control and Whole-body Planning

  • 基于几何鲁棒控制,实现浮基平台六维姿态精确调控。
  • 通过两阶段优化规划,实现在非凸、非欧空间中的实时运动规划。
  • 可在近90°至180°俯仰角下完成抓取与拉拽任务,适合复杂环境作业。

基于传统多旋翼的空中机械臂受限于底座欠驱动特性,仅能在小滚转和俯仰角内执行操作。若多旋翼底座可悬停于任意姿态,则机器人可在SE(3)中自由定位,大幅扩展操作空间并实现原不可行的任务。本文提出一种面向全向空中机械臂(OAM)的几何鲁棒控制与全身运动规划框架。为最大化OAM性能,首先设计一种浮基几何鲁棒控制器,使底座能有效抑制机械臂运动及操作力对稳定性的影响,同时精确控制其六维姿态。随后构建两阶段基于优化的全身运动规划方法,联合考虑浮基姿态与机械臂关节角,充分挖掘配置空间。该方法提升非凸、非欧空间优化问题的收敛性与实时性。实验验证表明,所提方法可使底座在任意六维姿态下保持静止,并在障碍物附近自主完成复杂操作且无碰撞。OAM在多个场景中成功实现物体抓取与拉拽,包括接近90°甚至180°俯仰角的情形。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Aerial manipulators based on conventional multirotors can conduct manipulation only in small roll and pitch angles due to the underactuatedness of the multirotor base. If the multirotor base is capable of hovering at arbitrary orientation, the robot can freely locate itself at any point in $\mathsf{SE}(3)$, significantly extending its manipulation workspace and enabling a manipulation task that was originally not viable. In this work, we present a geometric robust control and whole-body motion planning framework for an omnidirectional aerial manipulator (OAM). To maximize the strength of OAM, we first propose a geometric robust controller for a floating base. Since the motion of the robotic arm and the interaction forces during manipulation affect the stability of the floating base, the base should be capable of mitigating these adverse effects while controlling its 6D pose. We then design a two-step optimization-based whole-body motion planner, jointly considering the pose of the floating base and the joint angles of the robotic arm to harness the entire configuration space. The devised two-step approach facilitates real-time applicability and enhances convergence of the optimization problem with non-convex and non-Euclidean search space. The proposed approach enables the base to be stationary at any 6D pose while autonomously carrying out sophisticated manipulation near obstacles without any collision. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework through experiments in which an OAM performs grasping and pulling of an object in multiple scenarios, including near $90^\circ$ and even $180^\circ$ pitch angles.

空中机械臂六维控制运动规划浮基控制

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