语言演化源于智力展示的性选择,通过构建语法实现快速精准的语言学习与理解。
A Unified Theory of Language
- 用构式语法与贝叶斯推理结合,将语言各层面统一为图式特征结构的快速匹配
- 首次解释语言多样性、语用现象及学习速度,提出学习后通过特征结构快速应用
- 适合对语言演化、认知科学或自然语言处理建模感兴趣的读者
本文提出一种统一语言理论,将贝叶斯认知语言模型与语言作为智力展示的性选择演化假说相结合。该理论基于构式语法(Construction Grammars),以构式和合一机制解释世界语言的句法与语义。新增两个关键要素:语言语用的解释能力,以及快速精确的语言学习机制。构式在心智中表示为类似图的特征结构。个体通过缓慢的通用推理理解初始示例,之后以特征结构形式内化,并通过合一实现快速应用。语音、句法、语义与语用全部通过快速合一无缝计算,无语义与语用的边界。该机制可解释主要语用难题与具体语用现象。合一即贝叶斯最大似然模式匹配,建立人类大脑语言处理与动物贝叶斯认知的进化连续性。语言是心智解读、合作、自尊与情感的基础,构成人类文化与社会的根基。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A unified theory of language combines a Bayesian cognitive linguistic model of language processing, with the proposal that language evolved by sexual selection for the display of intelligence. The theory accounts for the major facts of language, including its speed and expressivity, and data on language diversity, pragmatics, syntax and semantics. The computational element of the theory is based on Construction Grammars. These give an account of the syntax and semantics of the worlds languages, using constructions and unification. Two novel elements are added to construction grammars: an account of language pragmatics, and an account of fast, precise language learning. Constructions are represented in the mind as graph like feature structures. People use slow general inference to understand the first few examples they hear of any construction. After that it is learned as a feature structure, and is rapidly applied by unification. All aspects of language (phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) are seamlessly computed by fast unification; there is no boundary between semantics and pragmatics. This accounts for the major puzzles of pragmatics, and for detailed pragmatic phenomena. Unification is Bayesian maximum likelihood pattern matching. This gives evolutionary continuity between language processing in the human brain, and Bayesian cognition in animal brains. Language is the basis of our mind reading abilities, our cooperation, self esteem and emotions; the foundations of human culture and society.
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