arXiv:2508.20461cs.CVcs.AI2025-08

轻量模型也能达大模型精度,靠双模型权重+自知识蒸馏。

Dual-Model Weight Selection and Self-Knowledge Distillation for Medical Image Classification

  • 用大模型权重初始化两个小模型,实现高效知识迁移。
  • 自知识蒸馏让小模型在多种初始配置下表现稳定且准确率高。
  • 适合资源受限的医疗影像分类场景,如肺部CT、脑部MRI等。

我们提出一种新型医学图像分类方法,结合双模型权重选择与自知识蒸馏(SKD)。在实际医疗场景中,大规模模型因计算资源限制难以部署,因此开发性能接近大模型且计算高效的轻量级模型至关重要。为此,我们采用双模型权重选择策略,用预训练大模型的权重初始化两个轻量模型,实现有效知识迁移。随后应用自知识蒸馏,使模型可适应多种初始权重配置,且无需额外计算开销,再针对目标分类任务进行微调。通过融合双模型权重选择与自知识蒸馏,该方法克服了传统方法在紧凑模型中丢失关键信息的缺陷。在公开数据集——胸部X光片、肺部CT扫描和脑部MRI扫描上的大量实验表明,本方法相比现有技术表现出更优的性能与鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose a novel medical image classification method that integrates dual-model weight selection with self-knowledge distillation (SKD). In real-world medical settings, deploying large-scale models is often limited by computational resource constraints, which pose significant challenges for their practical implementation. Thus, developing lightweight models that achieve comparable performance to large-scale models while maintaining computational efficiency is crucial. To address this, we employ a dual-model weight selection strategy that initializes two lightweight models with weights derived from a large pretrained model, enabling effective knowledge transfer. Next, SKD is applied to these selected models, allowing the use of a broad range of initial weight configurations without imposing additional excessive computational cost, followed by fine-tuning for the target classification tasks. By combining dual-model weight selection with self-knowledge distillation, our method overcomes the limitations of conventional approaches, which often fail to retain critical information in compact models. Extensive experiments on publicly available datasets-chest X-ray images, lung computed tomography scans, and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans-demonstrate the superior performance and robustness of our approach compared to existing methods.

医学图像轻量模型知识蒸馏图像分类

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