arXiv:2508.20816cs.CRcs.AI2025-08被引 26

用多智能体AI自动检测网页漏洞,效率高且成本低。

Multi-Agent Penetration Testing AI for the Web

  • 多智能体协同,结合大模型与工具执行,实现端到端漏洞验证。
  • 在XBOW基准上整体成功率76.9%,对SSRF等漏洞表现完美。
  • 单次测试平均仅需$0.073,适合大规模开源项目安全审计。

AI开发平台虽让编程更普及,但导致安全审计难以跟上开发速度。研究表明,高达40%的AI生成代码含漏洞。我们提出MAPTA,一种用于自主网页应用安全评估的多智能体系统,融合大语言模型调度、工具驱动执行及端到端漏洞验证。在包含104个挑战的XBOW基准上,整体成功率达76.9%,对SSRF和配置错误漏洞表现完美,对权限绕过类漏洞达83%成功率,服务器端模板注入(85%)和SQL注入(83%)表现良好,而跨站脚本(57%)和盲注(0%)仍具挑战。总成本21.38美元,成功尝试中位成本0.073美元,失败为0.357美元。成功率与资源效率强相关,可设定约40次工具调用或每挑战0.30美元的早期停止阈值。实际扫描发现多个高危漏洞,涵盖远程代码执行、命令注入、密钥泄露和任意文件写入,涉及8K-70K星的热门开源项目,平均单次评估成本仅3.67美元,其中10项发现已进入CVE审核流程。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI-powered development platforms are making software creation accessible to a broader audience, but this democratization has triggered a scalability crisis in security auditing. With studies showing that up to 40% of AI-generated code contains vulnerabilities, the pace of development now vastly outstrips the capacity for thorough security assessment. We present MAPTA, a multi-agent system for autonomous web application security assessment that combines large language model orchestration with tool-grounded execution and end-to-end exploit validation. On the 104-challenge XBOW benchmark, MAPTA achieves 76.9% overall success with perfect performance on SSRF and misconfiguration vulnerabilities, 83% success on broken authorization, and strong results on injection attacks including server-side template injection (85%) and SQL injection (83%). Cross-site scripting (57%) and blind SQL injection (0%) remain challenging. Our comprehensive cost analysis across all challenges totals $21.38 with a median cost of $0.073 for successful attempts versus $0.357 for failures. Success correlates strongly with resource efficiency, enabling practical early-stopping thresholds at approximately 40 tool calls or $0.30 per challenge. MAPTA's real-world findings are impactful given both the popularity of the respective scanned GitHub repositories (8K-70K stars) and MAPTA's low average operating cost of $3.67 per open-source assessment: MAPTA discovered critical vulnerabilities including RCEs, command injections, secret exposure, and arbitrary file write vulnerabilities. Findings are responsibly disclosed, 10 findings are under CVE review.

多智能体安全审计漏洞检测自动化

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