arXiv:2508.21249cs.LGcs.AI2025-08被引 2

用专家混合模型融合三种神经网络,提升汽车气动预测精度。

A Mixture of Experts Gating Network for Enhanced Surrogate Modeling in External Aerodynamics

  • 设计门控网络动态融合三种专用气动预测模型
  • 在DrivAerML数据集上误差降低,优于单个模型和平均集成
  • 适合需要高精度气动仿真的汽车设计与优化团队

高保真计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟的计算成本仍是汽车设计与优化流程中的主要瓶颈。尽管基于机器学习的代理模型为加速气动预测提供了有前景的替代方案,但该领域存在多种专用神经网络架构,尚无单一模型具备普遍优势。本文提出一种新型元学习框架,将架构多样性作为优势。构建了一个多专家(MoE)模型,通过专用门控网络动态组合三种异构的前沿代理模型:可分解多尺度神经算子DoMINO、可扩展多尺度图神经网络X-MeshGraphNet,以及因子化隐式全局卷积网络FigConvNet。门控网络学习空间可变的权重策略,根据各专家在局部区域预测表面压力与壁面剪切应力场的表现分配可信度。为防止模型坍缩并促进专家均衡贡献,训练损失中引入熵正则化项。整个系统在DrivAerML数据集上训练与验证,该数据集是大规模公开的汽车气动高保真CFD基准。定量结果表明,MoE模型在所有评估物理量上均显著降低L-2预测误差,不仅优于集成平均值,也超越了最准确的单一专家模型。本工作确立了MoE框架作为一种强大有效的策略,通过协同整合专用架构的互补优势,构建更鲁棒、更精确的复合代理模型。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The computational cost associated with high-fidelity CFD simulations remains a significant bottleneck in the automotive design and optimization cycle. While ML-based surrogate models have emerged as a promising alternative to accelerate aerodynamic predictions, the field is characterized by a diverse and rapidly evolving landscape of specialized neural network architectures, with no single model demonstrating universal superiority. This paper introduces a novel meta-learning framework that leverages this architectural diversity as a strength. We propose a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model that employs a dedicated gating network to dynamically and optimally combine the predictions from three heterogeneous, state-of-the-art surrogate models: DoMINO, a decomposable multi-scale neural operator; X-MeshGraphNet, a scalable multi-scale graph neural network; and FigConvNet, a factorized implicit global convolution network. The gating network learns a spatially-variant weighting strategy, assigning credibility to each expert based on its localized performance in predicting surface pressure and wall shear stress fields. To prevent model collapse and encourage balanced expert contributions, we integrate an entropy regularization term into the training loss function. The entire system is trained and validated on the DrivAerML dataset, a large-scale, public benchmark of high-fidelity CFD simulations for automotive aerodynamics. Quantitative results demonstrate that the MoE model achieves a significant reduction in L-2 prediction error, outperforming not only the ensemble average but also the most accurate individual expert model across all evaluated physical quantities. This work establishes the MoE framework as a powerful and effective strategy for creating more robust and accurate composite surrogate models by synergistically combining the complementary strengths of specialized architectures.

气动仿真专家混合神经网络汽车设计

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