AHELM为音频语言模型提供全方位评估,涵盖10大能力维度。
AHELM: A Holistic Evaluation of Audio-Language Models
- 构建综合基准,整合10个关键能力维度的评测
- 14个模型测试显示Gemini 2.5 Pro在5项领先但存在群体不公平
- 基线系统仅靠语音识别+文本模型也表现不俗,适合初学者参考
音频语言模型(ALMs)的评估因缺乏标准化基准而受限,现有评测多仅覆盖单一或少数能力,且忽略公平性与安全性等维度。不同评测间模型数量有限、提示方式与推理参数不一,难以比较。为此,我们提出AHELM,整合多个数据集,包括新创建的PARADE(评估避免刻板印象)和CoRe-Bench(通过多轮问答测评对话推理),全面衡量ALMs在10个重要方面的能力:音频感知、知识、推理、情绪识别、偏见、公平性、多语言性、鲁棒性、毒性与安全。我们统一提示、推理参数与评估指标,确保公平比较。测试了来自3家开发者的14个开源与闭源模型及3个基础系统(仅含语音识别与语言模型)。结果表明,Gemini 2.5 Pro在5个维度排名第一,但在语音识别任务中表现出显著群体不公平(p=0.01),而多数其他模型未发现此问题。一个仅具语音转文字能力的基线系统排名第六,表现超出预期。所有原始提示、模型输出与生成内容均公开于https://crfm.stanford.edu/helm/audio/v1.0.0。AHELM将持续更新,支持新数据集与模型加入。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Evaluations of audio-language models (ALMs) -- multimodal models that take interleaved audio and text as input and output text -- are hindered by the lack of standardized benchmarks; most benchmarks measure only one or two capabilities and omit evaluative aspects such as fairness or safety. Furthermore, comparison across models is difficult as separate evaluations test a limited number of models and use different prompting methods and inference parameters. To address these shortfalls, we introduce AHELM, a benchmark that aggregates various datasets -- including 2 new synthetic audio-text datasets called PARADE, which evaluates the ALMs on avoiding stereotypes, and CoRe-Bench, which measures reasoning over conversational audio through inferential multi-turn question answering -- to holistically measure the performance of ALMs across 10 aspects we have identified as important to the development and usage of ALMs: audio perception, knowledge, reasoning, emotion detection, bias, fairness, multilinguality, robustness, toxicity, and safety. We also standardize the prompts, inference parameters, and evaluation metrics to ensure equitable comparisons across models. We test 14 open-weight and closed-API ALMs from 3 developers and 3 additional simple baseline systems each consisting of an automatic speech recognizer and a language model. Our results show that while Gemini 2.5 Pro ranks top in 5 out of 10 aspects, it exhibits group unfairness ($p=0.01$) on ASR tasks whereas most of the other models do not. We also find that the baseline systems perform reasonably well on AHELM, with one ranking 6th overall despite having only speech-to-text capabilities. For transparency, all raw prompts, model generations, and outputs are available on our website at https://crfm.stanford.edu/helm/audio/v1.0.0. AHELM is intended to be a living benchmark and new datasets and models will be added over time.
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